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A SYLLABUS 

OF 

EUROPEAN HISTORY 

REVISED EDITION 

PART I. 375-1492 
PART 11. 1492-1789 



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3 

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H. D. FOSTER 

AND 

S. B. FAY 



HANOVER, N. H 
MCMV 



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Glass. 
Book 



PRESENTED BY 



/^^^^ 6^!L^ C-^><:^>k*A..c-^^ ^^Oc^^^^^^l^ 



A SYLLABUS 



OF 



EUROPEAN HISTORY 

FROM THE GERMAN INVASIONS TO 
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 

REVISED EDITION 

Part L— 375-1492 
Part I L— 1492-1789 



HERBERT DARLING FOSTER 

AND 

SIDNEY BRADSHAW FAY 

OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, DARTMOUTH COLLEGE 



FOR SALE BY E. P. STORRS, AND THE COLLEGE BOOK STORE 
HANOVER, N. H. 

1^05 






Gift 
Author^ 
(Person) 



PREFACE 

This syllabus is uot intended in any way as a substitute for a text- 
book or note-book. It is merely an outline indicating the work to be 
done in the first Semester (History 1), so divided as to fall into 45 
sections. Each section (§) represents an exercise, -n-hich is a lecture 
unless marked as a recitation. The asterisk (*) indicates required 
work in every case. The references for reading are not exhaustive; 
for a bibliography of the more detailed works, especially those in 
French and German, reference should be made to Gross, Soiirces and 
Literature of Englinh History front the Earliest Tiiries to about I4S0; to 
Monod, Bibliographie de VHistoire de France; and toDahlmanu-Waitz, 
Qnellenkunde der Deutschen Geschichte. 

In preparing the bibliography in § 27, students will also find it 
convenient to consult: the brief lists in this Syllabus and in Emerton, 
Munro, and other text-books; Robinson, Readings in Euroj^ean His- 
tory; Bourne, Teaching of History and Civics; C. K. Adams, Manual 
of Historical Literature; Encyclopedia Britannica and references 
under each article and under the article "Bibliography"; Lavisse 
et Rambaud, Histoire Generate (there is an excellent bibliography at 
the end of each chapter); Poole, Judex to Periodical Literature; the 
Card Catalogue in the Library (both "Authors" and "Subjects"); 
and the printed catalogues of large libraries, e. g., the British 
Museum, the Athenaeum, Peabody, etc. 

In the hope that students will be interested to buy some books iu 
addition to the text-books, and thus form for themselves the nucleus 
of an historical library, there is added a short list of those books to 
which reading references will most frequently be given. Of these 
the most useful for this course are: Einhard, Charlemagne ; Robin- 
son, Beadings in European History; Ploetz, Epitome; Emerton, 
Mediaeval Europe; Seiguobos, Feudal Btgime; and for §§ .35-45, 
Robinson, History of Western Europe. These six books would cost 
between ^1 and •'rS. 



SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF EUROPEAN HISTORY 
Part I.— 375-1492 

SOURCES 

Einhard, Life of Charlemngne. New York, ISSO. [The American 
Book Co., 30 cents.] 

Froissart, Chronicles (Selected Passages edited with Introduction 
by Marzials). London, 1894. [Walter Scott, Is. 6d.] 

Henderson, Ernest F., Select Historical Documents of the Middle 
Ages. London, 1890. [The Macmillan Co., .$1.50.] 

Robinson, James Harvey, Beadings in European History, Vol. L 
Boston, 1004. [Ginn, si. 50.] 

Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European His- 
tory. Published by the Department of History of the University 
of Pennsylvania, 6 volumes, Philadelphia, 1894-99; also by 
Longmans, Green & Co., New York. [Single numbers sold sep- 
arately, 15 to 25 cents.] 

MODERN WORKS 

Adams, George Burton, Civilization During the Middle Ages. 

New York, 1894. [Scribner, 8-2..50.] 
Archer, T. A., and Kingsford, C. L., The Crusades. New York, 

1895. (Story of Nations Series.) [Putnam, §1.50.] 
Bryce, James, The Holy Roman Empire Enlarged and rev. ed., 

London and New York, 1904. [The Macmillan Co., $1.50.] 
Cheyney, Edward P., An Introduction to the Industrial and Social 

History of England. New York, 1901. [The Macmillan Co., 

$1.40.] 
Creighton, Mandell, .4 History of the Papacy from the Great 

Schism to the Sack of Rome. G vols. New York, 1897. [Long- 
mans, Green, each vol. $2.00.] 
Dill, Samuel, Roman Society in the Last Century of the Roman 

Empire. London and New York, 1S99. [The Macmillan Co., 

-82.00.] 



VI 

*Emerton, Ephraim, Introdurtion to the Sliuhj of the Middle Ages. 

Boston, lsy2. [Gion, 61.12.] 
'Emerton, ^l>h.vaiin, Mediaeval Europe. Boston, 1894. [Ginn, S1..50.] 
Gibbon, Edward, History of the Decline and Fall of the Bmnnn 

Empire. 1 vols. (ed. Bury.) New York, 1897. [The Macmillan 

Co., each vol. s2.00.] 
Green, John Richard, Short History of the Eni/lish People. Xew 

York, IS".'). [The American Book Co., 81.20.] 
Henderson, Ernest F., A Sho7-t History of Germany. 2 vols. Xew 

York, 1902. [The Macmillan Co., 84.00.] 
Hodgkin, Thomas, Charles the Great. London and New York, 

1899. (Foreign Statesman Series.) [The Macmillan Co., T.o cents.] 
Hutton, William H., Philip Awjustiis. New York, 1S9G. (Foreign 

Statesman Series.) [The Macmillan Co., 75 cents.] 
Jessopp, Augustus, The Coming of the Friars and other Historic 

Essays. London, 1901. [T. Fisher Uuwin, 3s. 6d.; or Putnam, 

81.2.5.] 
Kingsley, Charles, The Roman and the Teuton. Loudon and New 

York, 1S91. [The Macmillan Co., 81.25.] 
Kitchin, G. W., History of France. Vol. I, b. c. .58-a. r>. 1455 (4th 

ed.) Oxford, 1899. [Clarendon Press, 82.60.] 
Lowell, F. C, Joan of Arc. Boston, 1890. [Houghton, Mifflin, 

§2.00.] 
*Munro, D, C, A History cf the Middle A;.'es. New York, 1902. 

[Appleton, 90 cents.] 
Munro, D. C, and Sellery, G. C, Medieval CivUizafion. New 

York, 1904. [The Century Co., 81.25.] 
Ploetz, Carl, Epitome of Ancient, Mediaeval, and Modern History. 

Boston, 1SS3. [Houghton, Mifflin, 83.00.] 
*Putager, F. W., Historischer Schulatlas. Leipzig, 1902. (26th 

edition.) [Velhagen and Klasing, 2M. 70pf.] 
Robinson, James Harvey, Introduction to the History of Western 

Europe. Boston, 1903. [Giuu, 81.60.] 
Sabatier, Paul, Life of St. Francis of Assisi. New York, 1894. 

[Scribner, -82. .50.] 
Seignobos, Charles, TJie Feudal Regime. New York, 1902. [Holt, 

50 cents.] 
Symonds, J. A., A Short History of the Renaissance in Italy (an 

abridgment of his larger work). New York, 1894. [Holt, 81.75.] 

♦Required test-books. 



CONTENTS 

Page 

§ 1. Introduction 1 

A. TRANSITION PERIOD 375 A. D.-800 A. D. 

Chapter I. The Romans. 

§ 2. The Roman Empire in the 3d and 4th centuries .... 1 

§ 3. Recitation 2 

Chapter II. The Germans. 

§4. The Early Germans before the Migrations. (Recitation) . 2 

§ 5. The Migrations of the Peoples 3 

§ 6. Recitation 3 

§ 7. Germanic Ideas of Law. (Recitation) 3 

v^ 8. Results of the Period of the Migrations 4 

Chapter III. Christianity and the Church. 

§ 9. The Rise of the Christian Church. (Recitation) .... ,5 

§ 10. Monasticisni. (Recitation) ,5 

Chapter IV. Mohammed and Mohammedanism. 

§ 11. Mohammed, .o71-632 6 

§12. The Moslem World. (Recitation) 7 

Chapter V. The Rise of the Prankish Kingdom, 4S6-S00. 

§ 13. The Franks under the Merovingian kings 7 

§ 14. The Franks under the Carolingian kings. (Recitation) . 7 



B, THE MIDDLE AGES FROM CHARLEMAGNE TO 
DANTE, 800-1300. 

Chapter VI. Beginxixgs of the Mediaeval Emi'IEE. 

Page 

§ 15. The Empire of Charlemague 7 

§ 16. Recitation S 

§ 17. The Break-up of Charlemagne's Empire and Formation of 

New European States in the 9th century S 

§ 18. "Written Hour Examination " 9 

Chapter VII. Feudalism. 

§ 19. The Development of Feudalism 9 

§ 20. The Life of the Feudal Nobility 9 

§ 21. Recitation 10 

Chapter VIII. The Growth of the French IvIoxarchy, 

887-1328. 

§ 22. The Foundation of the French Monarchy under the early 

Capetians 10 

§ 23. Philip Augustus and St. Louis 11 

§ 24. Philip the Fair and the end of the direct Capetian line . 12 

§ 25. Recitation 12 

Chapter IX. The Empire and the Papacy; the Investi- 
ture Struggle. 

>; 26. Germany and Italy from the Treaty of Verdun to the end 

of the Saxon line, 84-3-1024 12 

§ 27. Germany under the Franconian rulers, 1024-112-5; the 

Investiture Struggle 1-3 

§ 28. Recitation 14 

Chapter X. The Popes and the Hohenstaufen, 11.3S-12-'")4. 

§ 29. The Empire and the Papacy in the 12th century .... 14 
§ 30. The triumph of the Papacy over the Empire in the 13th 

century l-j 

§ 31. Recitation lo 



IX 



Chapter XI. The Ckusades, 1095-1270. 

Page 
§ 32. The capture and los^ of Jerusalem; the first two cru- 
sades 1-5 

§ 33. The later crusades to recover Jerusalem 10 

§ 34. Recitation 17 

Chaptei: XII. Mediaeval Life. 

§ 35. The Church and Culture in the 12th and 13th centuries . 17 

§ 36. The Life of the People in Country and Town 18 

§ 37. Recitation 1!) 

C. THE PERIOD OF THE RENAISSANCE AND 
REFORMATION. 

Chapter XIII. The Beginnings of the New Era. 

§ 38. The Italian Towns and the Befjinnino:s of the Renaissance 19 

S 39. Phases of the Italian Renaissance, 1300-1500 20 

§ 40. Recitation 21 

Chapter XIT. The Formation of Modern Xations. 

J;; 41. France and England. The Hundred Years' War ... 21 

§ 42. Recitation 22 

§ 43. The Formation of new states within the German Empire, 

1273-U93 22 

S 44. The Popes and the Reforming Councils 'ZS 

S 45. Recitation 24 



SYLLABUS OF EUROPEAN HISTORY 
Part L— 375-1492 

§ 1. Introduction. 

«. Aims and methods of the course. 

b. Periods of History. 

c. Geography of Europe: 

Coast Hue; mountain systems; rivers; climate; influence 
of geography on history. 

d. Races of mankind. 

*Emerton, Introduction to the Study of the Middle Ages, pp. xi- 
xviii, the "Introduction." 

A. TRANSITION PERIOD 375 A. D.-800 A. D. 

Cn. I. The Romans. 

§ 2. The Roman Empire in the 3d and 4th centuries. 

a. The three elements of mediaeval civilization. 

b. Geographical extent of the Empire. 

c. Roman government: 

powers of the Emperor; the central administration; ad- 
ministration of the provinces and municipalities; services 
of the Empire. 

d. Classes of society. 

e. Causes of Roman decay: political, social, economic, religious. 
*Emerton, Introduction to the Study of the Middle Ages, ch. i. 

* Putzger, Atlas, maps 9 and 12. 

References. 

SouFvCES. — Pennsylvania Reprints, VI, no. 4, "Register of Dignita- 
ries," Notitia Dignitatum, Robinson, Readings, I, 28-33. 

* Note. —The asterisk indicates required work, which may be tested by 
written quiz at any lecture. The atlas should be used regularly in prepara- 
tion, and should be brought to all recitations. 



MoDETvX Works. — Buiy, History of the Later Roman Empire, I, iu 
cbs. i-iv. Adams, Civilization During the Middle Ages, cb. ii, also 
76-SS. Kingsley, Eoman and Teuton, ch. ii, "The Dying Empire."' 
Seeley, Boman Imperialism, cb. ii, "Proximate Cause of tbe Fall of 
tbe Roman Empire"; cb. iii, "Tbe Later Empire." Cunningbam, 
Western Civilization in its Economic Asj^ects (Ancient Times), 179- 
195. Hodgkin, Italy and her Invaders, II, cb. ix. McCabe, St. Augus- 
tine. Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Boman Empire (best edition 
by Bury), any twenty-five consecutive pages treating of tbe Eomaus 
during 3d and 4tb centuries, e. g., in cb. i (Empire in 2d century), or 
cb. xvii (Empire under Constantine). Dill, Boman Society in the 
Last Century of the Western Empire, Bk. Ill, cbs. i, ii. Bryce, Holy 
Eoman Empire, cb. ii. Munro and Sellery, Medieval Cirilization, 18- 
43. Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Generate, 1, 14-31. 

§ 3. Recitation on * §§ 1, 2, *Emerton, eh. ii, *Reading 
under § 2, and *Putzger, 9, 12. 

Ch. II. The Gekmaxs. 

§4. The Early Germans before the Migrations. (Recitation.) 

a. Government and political divisions. 

b. Military organizations [comitatus). 

c. Religion and mytbologj'. 

d. Manners and customs: amusements, weddings, funerals, etc. 

e. Morals and family life. 
/. Economic life. 

*Read and take notes in note-book on at least two of tbe above 
topics, including some reading from Tacitus. 
Outline map marking: 

(1) Boundary of tbe Roman Empire in .395 A. D. 

(2) Names of eigbt mountain systems; and of fifteen rivers witli 

one important city on eacb. (See Emerton, 214; Munro, 
History of the Middle Ages, 1; Putzger, maps 9. 12, 13; 
Lane-Poole, Historical Atlas; Century Dictionary Atlas: 
and otber atlases of modern Europe. 
(*Required under § 5.) 

Beferences. 

SouKCES. — *Tacitus, Germania; also selections in Penn. Beprints, 
yi, no. 3, "Tbe Early Germans"; and in Jones, Civilization in the 
Middle Ages, no. 2, "Tbe Teutonic Barbarians." Caesar, Gallic 
Tr«rs, Bk. VI, cbs. xxi-xxiv. 



Modern Works.— Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Eoman Empire, 
I, ch. ix. Hodgkin, Italy and her Invaders, II, 233-263; III, 25T-31b!. 
Hodgkin, Theodoric. Kingsley, Roman and Teuton, Lectures i and x. 
Gummere, Germanic Origins, ch. in, '■'■ ^Iqxx and "Women"; iv, "The 
Home"; v, "Husband and Wife " ; vi, "The Family"; ix, "Social 
Ordei'" ; xiii, "Worship of Nature." Henderson, History of Germany 
in the Middle Ages, chs. i, ii. Henderson, Short History of Germany, 
ch. i. Lewis, History of Germany, 1-36. Milman, History of Latin 
Christianity, Bk. II, ch. ii. Bury, Later Eoman Empire, Bk. II, 
chs. vii, xi. Stubbs, Constitutional History of England, ch. ii. Stubbs, 
Select Charters (Introduction). Lavisse et Rambaud, Histolre Gtn- 
erale, I, .51-57. Parmentier, Album Historique, I, 29-33. 

§ 5. The Migrations of the Peoples (Vijlkerumnderiing) : causes ; 
characteristics of the peoples and the migrations; 
routes ; place of final settlement ; later traces. 

a. Visigoths, 378 (Adrianople). 

b. Anglo-Saxons, 449 (?). 

c. Huns, 451 (Chalons). 

d. Vandals, 4.55. 

e. Burgundians. 

/. Odoacer, 476 (" Fall of the Western Empire "). 

g. Ostrogoths under Theodoric, 493-526. 

h. Lombards, 568. 

i. Franks, 486 (Soissons). 
* Outline map, as indicated in § 4. 
*Emerton, chs. iii, iv, v. 

References. 

Hodgkin, Italy and her Invaders; or more briefly in his Dynasty of 
Theodosius, and Theodoric the Goth. Dill, Roman Society, Bk. IV. 
Gibbon, Decline and Fall, chs. xxvi, xxix-xxxvi. Kingsley, Roman 
and Teuton. Bury, Later Roman Empire. Robinson, Readings, I, 
35-51. 

§ 6. Recitation on *Emerton, chs. vi, vii (to p. 68), * § 5 in 
review, and *Putzger, maps 13a and 13. 

§ 7. Germanic Ideas of Law. (Recitation.) 

a. Contrast between early Germanic and modern ideas of law. 

b. Feuds. ■ 

c. Compurgation. 



d. Ordeals. 

e. Wager of battle. 
/. Wergeld. 

(J. Influence of Church and Roman Law upon Germanic Law; 
codes of German law. 

*Emerton, ch. viii, and * Reading on at least one of the above 
topics. 

Beferences. 

SouBCES. — Henderson, Documents, 176-189, Salic law; 314-319, for- 
mulae at ordeals. Penn. Reprints, IV, no. 4, especially 2-3 and 7-15. 
Stubbs, Select Charters, 60-74. Lee, Source-Book of English History, 
87-91. Thorpe, Ancient Laivs and Institutes of England, 20-44. 

Modern Works. — Kingsley, Roman and Teuton, ch. x, "Lom- 
bard laws." Gibbon, ch. xxxviii. Milman, Latin Christianity, Bk. 
Ill, ch. V. Lea, Superstition and Force, chs. ii, iii. Pollock and Mait- 
land. History of English Law, I, 24-36. Gum mere, Germanic Origins, 
ch. X, "Government and Law." Hodgkin, Italy and Her Invaders, 
VI, ch. V. 

§ 8. Results of the Period of the Migrations. 

a. Effect of the Germans upon the Roman Empii-e. " What 

the Germans added " (Adams, Civilization, ch. v). 

b. Effects of Rome upon the Germans: 

political, legal, economic, religious, linguistic. 

c. End of the Roman Empire in the West. 

d. The Roman Empire in the East: 

Justinian, 527-565; City of Constantinople; Codification 
of the Roman Law; importance of the Eastern Empire 
during the Middle Ages ( — 14.53). 

* Map showing routes of migrations and final place of settlement. 
See Putzger, 13a and 13; Emerton, p. 34. 

Optional reading in any of the following: 

References. 

Adams, Cirillzation, ch. v. Gibbon, ch. xl. or ch. xliv. Bury, 
History of the Later Roman Empire, I, 365 ft', on the legal works 
of Justinian, and 472 ft', on his buildings, silkworms, etc. Bryce, 
article "Justinian" in Encyclopedia Britannica. Guizot, History 
of Civilization in Europe (ed. Knight), 55-60. Munro and Sellery, 
Medieval Civilization, 3-17, "Victory of the Latin Language"; 87- 
113, "The Hippodrome at Constantinople." Robinson, Readings, I, 
433. 



Ch. hi. Christianity and the Church. 
§ 9. The Rise of the Christian Church. (Recitation.) 

Origin and spread of Christianity; belief; organization; relations 
to the Roman Empire; Council of Nicaea, 32.5; Arians; division 
into Eastern and Western Churches; growth of the Roman Papacy. 

*Emerton, ch. ix. *Munro, ch. iii. *Putzger, 13b. Optional 
reading, which may be counted for § 10. See end § 10. 

Beferences. 

Sources.— New Testament; Matt, xvi, lG-20; Acts vi 1-6; 
1 Timothy iii. Robinson, Beadlngs, I, 62-82. 

Modern Works. — Gibbon, Decline and Fall, ch. xxxvii. Fisher, 
Beginnings of Christianity, ch. ii. Fisher, History of the Christian 
Church, chs. ii, iii. Schaff, History of the Christian Church, I, 77-106. 
Alzog, Universal Church History, I, 3S9-414. Adams, Civilization Dur- 
ing the Middle Ages, ch. iii or ch. vi. Guizot, History of Civilization in 
Europe, Lecture vi. Kingsley, Boman and Teuton, Lecture ix. Mil- 
man, History of Latin Christianity, I, Bk. I, ch. ii; Bk. Ill, ch. vii. 
Moeller, History of the Christian Church, I, 49-72. Sohm, Outlines of 
Church History, 31-66. Dill, Boman Society, Bk. I. Hatch, Organiza- 
tion of the Early Christian Churches. Hodgkin, Italy and Her 
Invaders, V, 287-332, on Gregory the Great. Lavisse et Rambaud, 
Histoire Ghxerale, I, 204-220, 237-244. 

§ 10. Monasticism. (Recitation.) 

Topics for reading: 

a. The Benedictine Rule. 

b. Monastic schools. 

c. The monk as civilizer. 

d. Services of the monks. 

e. Daily life in a mediaeval monastery. 

*Emerton, ch. xi, *Putzger, 13b and 14, * Reading on either Rise of 
the Christian Church from references in § 9, or on Monasticism from 
one of the following: 

Beferences. 

Sources. — The Benedictine Rule in Henderson, Historical Docu- 
ments of the Middle Ages, 274-314, or selections in Jones, Civiliza- 
tion in the Middle Ages, 90-103. Penn. Beprints, II, no. 7, "'Life of 
St. Columban"; II, no. 4, " Monastic Tales." Robinson, Beadim/s, 
I, 86-111. 



6 



Modern Wop.ks. — Kiagsley, I?oHi«n, and Teuton, Lectui-e ix, " The 
Monk as Civilizer." Cunningham, Wefitern Civilization in its Eco- 
nomic Aspects (Modern Times), 35-40, "Economic influence." Same 
in Munro and Sellery, 2Iedieval Cii-ilization, 129-136. Jessopp, TJie 
Coming of the Friars, ch. iii," Daily Life in a Mediaeval Monastery." 
Jessopp, Studies by a Becluse, ch. ii, "Bury St. Edmunds." Emer- 
ton, Mediaeval Europe, 555-575; interesting plan of the old monastery 
at St. Gall in Switzerland, facing 555. Montalembert, The Monks of 
the West (e. g., Why men went into the monasteries, I, 226-249; com- 
pare with account in Gibbon, ch. xxxvii). Schati, article in Biblio- 
theca Sacra, April, 1864, " Rise and Progress of Monasticism." 
Bury, Later Roman Empire, II, 463-468. Harnack, Monasticism. 
Taylor, Classical Heritage of the Middle Ages, ch. vii. Milraan, Bk. 

III, ch. vi. 

Ch. IV. Mohammed and Mohammedanism. 

§ 11. Mohammed, 571-632. 

a. Arabia and its peoi^le; ]\[ohammed's early life and mission- 

ai-y efforts ; Hegira, 622. 

b. The Koran; the teachings of Mohammed; comparison with 

Christianity; reasons for the spread of Mohammedanism. 

*Eraerton, 122-129; * Munro, History of the Middle Ages, ch. i. 

BefereiLces, 

Sources. — The Koran, translations by Palmer, Rodwell, Sale; selec- 
tions in Lane-Poole, Speeches and Table-Talk of Mohammad; also in 
Jones, Civilization in the 2Iiddle Ages, no. 3; in Sheldon, Studies In 
General History, 276-285; and in Robinson, Readings, I, 114-120. 

Modern Works. — Gibbon, ch. 50. Freeman, History and Con- 
quests of the Saracens, Lecture ii. Muir, Mahomet and Islam, 1-31. 
Muir, Cordn: its Teaching, ch. iii. Lane-Poole, Speeches and Table- 
Talk of Mohammad (Introduction). Bury, History of Later Roman 
Empire, I, ch. i; or II, Bk. V, ch. vi. Gilman, Story of the Saracens^ 
chs. xv-xvi. Carlyle, Heroes and Hero Worship (Mohammed), 
Lecture ii. Washington Irving, Mahomet. Duruy, History of the 
Middle Ages, Bk. II, ch. vi. Muir, Life of Mahomet, II, ch. vii, or 

IV, ch. xxxvii as far as 327. Schalf, History of the Christian Church, 
IV, ch. iii. Milman, Latin Christianity, I, Bk. IV, ch. i. Wollaston, 
Half-hours with Mohammed. Odysseus, Turkey in Europe, ch. v. 
Parmentier, Album Historique, 49-66. Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire 
Generate, I, ch. ix. 



§ 12. The Moslem World. (Recitation.) 

a. Mohammedan conquests in Africa, Asia, and Europe, 632- 

732; the Caliphates. 

b. Arabic civilization; its characteristics and contributions to 

European civilization. 
*§ 11 and * written summary in note-book of Reading from the 
Koran or from one of the books on Mohammed (§ 11). Munro. ch. ix. 

* Putzger, map 16. 

Ch. V. The Rise of the Prankish Kingdom, 486-800. 
§ 13. The Franks under the Merovingian kings. 

a. The Prankish migration compared with the other German 

migrations. 

b. Clovis, 481-511: 

character; conquests; conversion and relation to Church 
and Christianity; extent and division of his territories. 

c. Successors of Clovis; rois faineants; rise of the Major 

Domus; Xeustria and Austrasia; Testry. 

d. Charles Martel, 714-741; battle of Tours, 732; military re- 

forms; relations with papacy and church. 

* Source.—* Einhard, Life of Charlemagne, 7-22. *Emerton, chs. 
vii, X, and xii (to 162 only). 

§ 14. The Franks under the Carolingian kings. (Recitation.) 

a. Pippin the Short, 741-768: 

wars and government; alliance with the papacy; Donation 
of Pippin; the Christian Carolingian " Kingdom," 752. 

b. Charles the Great (Charlemagne), 768-814. 

*Emerton, 162-179, * Einhard, 22-45, and *§ 13 in review. * Putz- 
ger, 14a, 14. 

B. THE MIDDLE AGES FROM CHARLEMAGNE TO 
DANTE, 800-1300. 

Ch. VI. Beginnings of the Mediaeval Empire. 
§ 15. The Empire of Charlemagne. 

a. Wars of conquest; extent of territory in 814. 

b. System of government: 

duke, count, archbishop and bishop, markgraf; missi dom- 
inici; assemblies; customary law and capitularies; admin- 
istration of justice; the military system; the church. 



c. Eevival of the Empire of the West; Charles' coronation in 

800; its significance; Charles' attitude toward the Papacy. 

d. Art and learning; the Palace School. 

e. Charlemagne's personality; his place in history and in 

legend. 

*Emerton, ch. xiii; *Einhard, 45-82. 

Beferences. 

Sources.— Henderson, Historical Documents, 189-201. Penn. Be- 
prints, VI, no. 5, "The Laws of Charles the Great." Robinson, 
Beadings, I, 135-14G. 

Modern Works.— Bryce, Holy Boman Euipire, chs. iv-v. Guizot, 
Popular History of France, I, chs. x-xi. Mllman, Latin Christianity, 
II, ch. xii, also 471-510. Adams, Civilization During the Middle Ages, 
ch. vii. Oman, Dark Ages, ch. xx-xxii. Hodgkins, Charles the 
Great, ch, xi. Davis, Charlemagne. Henderson, Short History of 
Germany, I, 22-38. Mombert, Charles the Great, Bk. Ill, ch. v. 
Mullinger, Schools of Charles the Great. West, Alcuin. Lavisse et 
Rambaud, Histoire Guurale, I, 322-334, 342-359. Parraentier, Album 
Historique, 85-98. 

§ 16. Recitation on *Emerton, ch. xiv; *Munro, ch. ii; 
*§ 15 in review; * Putzger, 14a, 14. 

Optional reading on Charlemagne in references under § 15. 

§ 17. The Break-up of Charlemagne's Empire and Forma- 
tion of New European States in the 9th century. 

a. Faults of Charlemagne's system; Louis the Pious' character 

and government, 814-840. 

b. Divisionof the Empire; Fontenay; Strasburg oaths; Treaties 

of Verdun, 843, and Mersen, 870; invasions. 

c. New Kingdoms: 

West Franks (France), East Franks (Germany), Burgundy, 
Aries (Provence), Italy. 

d. Four "stem duchies" (Stiimme): 

Saxony, Franeonia, Swabia, Bavaria. 
Lorraine. 

*Map of Charlemagne's Empire showing: 

(1) Boundary of Empire in 814 (Putzger, 14). 

(2) 15 bishoprics and archbishoprics and 5 monasteries (Emer- 

ton, 215; Putzger, 14 and 15). 



§ 18. Written Hour Examination on * §§ 1-17 (* including lec- 
tures, text-books, map-work, reading, notes, recitations). 

Ch. YII, Feudalism. 
§ 19. The Development of Feudalism. 

a. Definition; origin — German or Roman? peculiar condition 

of Europe favoring the development of feudalism. 

b. Three elements of feudalism. 

c. Feudal theories: 

suzerain and sovereign; nulle terre sans seigneitr ; subin- 
feudation. 

d. Rights and duties of lord and vassal. 

e. Ranks of society. 

/. Feudalism and the church; the Peace of God and the Truce 

of God. 
g. Feudal divisions of France and Germany. 
*Emerton, ch. xv; *Munro, ch. v. 

Eefei-ences. 

Sources.— PeiDi. Beprints, IV, no. .3, especially 2-3, 7-S, 11-12, 18- 
21, 23-2S. Robinson, PteacUngs, I, 171-191. 

Modern Works. — Seignobos, Feudal Begime, ch. iii (translated 
from Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Generale, II, ch. i). Adams, Civ- 
lization During the Middle Ages, ch. ix. Robinson, History of IT'esiern 
Europe, ch. ix. Emerton, Mediaeval Europe, ch. xiv, "The Feudal 
Institutions." Article "Feudalism" in Encyclopedia Britannicn, 
Munro and Sellery, Medieval Civilization, 159-176; 182-201. Fustel 
de Coulanges, The Origin of Property in Land, ed. with Introduction 
by Ashley. Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Gmerale, II, ch. i. Stubbs, 
Constitutional History of England, sects. 92-90. 

§ 20. The Life of the Feudal Nobility. 

«. Chivalry and knighthood. 

b. Castles and castle life. 

c. Feudal warfare. 

d. Tourneys and amusements. 

e. The mediaeval ideal. 
* Munro, ch. xiii. 

*Map showing: 

(1) The names of the 12 principal feudal divisions of France 
{see Putzger, 17). 



10 



(2) The names aucl boundaries of the four stera-ducbies and 
Lorraine. 
Selection of subject for Special Report (* under § 21). 

References. 

Sour.CES. — Froissart, Chronicles (also selections edited by Marzials 
in Camelot Series; and in Jones, Civilization irt the Middle Ages, 
■oO-T2). Joinville, Life of St. Louis. 

Modern Works. — Seignobos, Feudal Eeyime, eb. ii. Same inLavisse 
et Rambaud, Hisioire Generate, II, 2.5-50. Encyclopedia Britunnica, 
articles on "Knighthood" and "Castles." Viollet-le-Duc, Annals 
of a Fortress. Oman, Art <f War in the Middle Ayes, 510-553. 
Cornish, Chivalry. Gautier, La Chevalerie (also translated). Smith, 
Troubadours at Home, II, 131-150. Henderson, Short History rf Ger- 
many, I, 111-121. Munro and Sellery, Medieval Civilization, 177- 
182; 240-247. Darmesteter, Contemporary Review, January, 1893, 
" Mediaeval Country House." Blashfield, Scribiier's Magazine, V, 
1-26, " Castle Life in the Middle Ages" (illustrated). Parmeutier, 
Album Historiyue, 99-108; 19.5-302. 

§ 21. Recitation on *§§ 19-20, including a *Reading on at 
least two topics under §§ 19-20. 

* Selection of subject for Special Report. 

Bibliography due within two weeks (§ 27). See Preface. Follow 
the model given in the Bibliography, pp. v-vi ; classify your authori- 
ties under Sources and Modern Works, and give author, exact title, 
place and date of publication. 

Notes and outline due before Christmas recess (§ 33). Complete 
report, with notes and Bibliography, due two weeks before semester 
examinations (§ 41). 

Ch. VIII. The Groavth of the French Monarchy, 887-1328. 

§ 22. The Foundation of the French Monarchy under the 
early Capetians. 

((. The Invasions of the Northmen. 

(1) Causes; character of their raids. 

(2) Results of their invasion in different countries: 

in " Russia " (Rurik 862) ; 
in England and Ireland ("Danes"); 
in Iceland, Greenland, America ("Norsemen"); 
in France ("Normans," Normandy, 911); 
Noi'mans in Spain, Italy and the Mediterranean. 



11 



b. Rise of the Capetian family, SS7-9S7: 

Elides (Odo); defence of Paris, 886; Charles the Simi^le; 
Carolingians aud Capetians, 

r. Hugh Capet, "king of France," 987; Ide de France ; the roj'al 
domain; weakness and strength of the feudal kings. 

'?. The early Capetian Kings: 

struggles with the barons; rise of the cities; Norman con- 
quest of England, 1066. 

* Munro, chs. iv, vii, viii, 

Eeferences. 

Source. — Eobinson, Readinys, I, 150-168; 194-205. 

MoDEBK Works. — Adams, Growth of the French Nation, ch. vi. 
Gibbon (ed. Bury), VI, 173-193 (part of ch. Ivi). Guizot, Popular 
History of France, chs. xii, xiii. Wheaton, History of the Northmen. 
Keary, The Vikings in Western Christendom. Boyesen, The Story of 
Norway. Du Chaillu, The Viking Age. Freeman, William the Con- 
queror. Freeman, Short History of the Norman Conquest of England. 
Green, Short History of the English People, ch. ii, sects. 3-6. Enierton, 
Mediaeval Europe, ch. xii. Kitchin, History of France, I, Bk. Ill, chs. 
i, ii. Duruy, History of the Middle Ages, ch. xiii. Oman, Art of War, 
149-165. 

§ 23. Philip Augustus and St. Louis. 

((. Philip II (Augustus), 1180-1223: 

Third Crusade; struggle with John of England; growth of 

royal domain and monai'chial power; quarrel with Papacy; 

Albigensian heresies and crusade; the Inijuisition and 

Dominican Order. 
b. Louis IX (St. Louis), 1226-1270: 

character; government; Crusades; French in Southern 

Italy; Sicilian Vespers, 1282. 

* Munro, chs. xviii, xix. 

References. 

Sources. — Joinville, St. Louis. Munro and Sellery, Medieval Civ- 
ilization, 366-375, "Advice of St. Louis to his son." Robinson, Read- 
ings, I, 206-218. 

Modern Works. — Hutton, Philip Augustus. Guizot, Popular His- 
tory of France, chs. xviii, xix. Kitchin, I, Bk. Ill, chs. vii, viii. 
Duruy, ch. xxiv. Adams, Growth of the French Nation, chs. vii, viii 
(first half). Green, Short History of the English Peopjle, ch. ii, sect. 9; 
iii, 2. Perry, St. Louis. Milman, Latin Christianity, Bk. IX, ch. iv, 
"Innocent and Philip Augustus"; Bk. XI, chs. i, "St. Louis"; v, 
"Sicilian Vespers." Lea, History of (he Liquisition, I, 129-208. 



12 



§ 24. Philip the Fair and the end of the direct Capetian 

line. 

(/. Marriage, wars, and foreicu policy of Philip IV (The Fair), 
1285-1314. 

h. Triumph of the French Monarchy over the Roman Papacy: 
points at issue; the Ivyisics; bulls Clericis laicos and Unam 
fid. net a m ; Anagni and Avignon; the destruction of the 
Knights Templar. 

r. Government of Philip the Fair: 

increasing centralization; the King's Council and its three- 
fold division; the States-General. 

fl. The end of the direct Capetian line, 1328; comparison of the 
French Monarchy under Hugh Capet and Philip the Fair. 
* Read on at least two subjects under §S 22-23. 

Eeftrtnces. 

Sources. — Robinson, Beailhirjs, I, 3-iG-8; 502-.'>10. Henderson, Dor- 
i!uteutf<, 432-7. 

Modern WoRiiS. — Adams, Groxcth of the French Nation, ch. viii 
(last half). Adams, CiviUzafhin ihirJu;; the Middle Ar/e.s, 320-.So8. 
Guizot, ell. xix. Kitchin, I, Bk. Ill, chs. x, xi. Milman, Bk. XI, chs. 
vii-ix; Bk. XII, chs. i, ii, on the destruction of the Templars. Creigh- 
ton, Ilhtory of the Papacy, I, 27-46. Emerton, Mediaeval Europe, ch. 
xii. Lavisse ct Rambaud, Ill^tolre Generate, III, ll-.o5. 



§ 25. Recitation on * §§ 22, 23, 24, including * Reading on 
at least one subject under § 24; * Putzger, 17. 



Ch. IX. TnE Empire and the Papacy; the Investiture 

Struggle. 

§ 26. Germany and Italy from the Treaty of Verdun to 
the end of the Saxon line, 843-1024. 

(/. Germany after the break-up of the Carolihgian Empire: 

the great German duchies; elective kings; forces opposing 
central government; Germany's difficult task. 
b. Saxon rulers, 919-1024. 

(1) Military and religious policy of Henry I ("The 
Fowler"), and its results, 919-936. 



13 



(2) Otto I, The Great, 936-973. 

Problems: dukes; bishops; invasions (Lechfeld, 

955); Italy, and revival of the Emijire, 962; the 

papacy. 
Comparison of Otto the Great and Charlemagne, 

and of their empires. 
German life in the 10th century (Henderson, Ger- 

nuimj in the Middle Ayes, 141-144). 

(3) Otto II: 

organization of "marks"; eastward expansion. 

(4) Otto III: 

character and aims; relations between Empire and 
Papacy. 

* Muuro, ch. vi and * Reading on at least one of the above topics. 

References. 

Sources. — Robinson, Readings, I, 245-2.55. 

Modern Works. — Emerton, Mediaevcd Europe, chs. iii-v. Tout, 
Empire and Papaci/, chs, ii, iii. Henderson, Short Ilistonj of Ger- 
many, ch. iii. Henderson, Germany in the Middle Ages, chs. iii-xi. 
Bryce, Holy Roman Empire, chs. vi, ix. Gregorovius, Rome in th<- 
Middle Ages, III, Bk. VI, ch. iii. Scheffel, Ekkehard (historical novel 
describing monastic life and the Hungarian invasions of the 10th 
century). 

§ 27. Germany under the Franconian rulers, 1024-1125 ; 
the Investiture Struggle. 

a. Importance of Germany in the Middle Ages: in relation to 

the Eastern frontier, the Empire, the Papacy, civilization. 

b. Development of the Empire in the first half of the lltli ceu- 

tui-y : 

Conrad II; Henry III, 1039-1056, his control of the Papacy. 

c. Development of the Papacy in the 9th and 10th centuries: 

the False Decretals; Nicholas I, S5S-867; Cluny reform and 
its threefold program, 910 ; papal election decree, 1059. 

d. Investiture struggle: , 

Hildebrand, Pope Gregory VII, 1073-1085, the man and his 
policy; Dictatus Papae; Henry IV, 1056-1106; comparison 
of antagonists; their allies; decree against investiture; 
actions of Hildebrand and Henry; Canossa and the fate of 
the contestants; settlement; Concordat of Worms, 1122 
(Henderson, Domments, 408-409). 

* Bibliography for Special Report. 



14 

Follow the model given in the Bibliograi^hy, pp. v-vi; classify your 
authorities under Sources and Modern Works, and give author, 
exact title, place and date of publication. 

Reading on Investiture Struggle (* under § 28). 

Beferences. 

Sources. — Henderson, Documents, 361-409. Eobiuson, Readinf/s, I, 
266-293. Latin text in Mathews, Select Mediaeval Documents, 31-68. 
Migne, Patroloyla Latiua, CXLYI, 1235, on Passage over Alps, and 
1237 ff., on Ganossa. 

Modern Works. — Emerton, Mediaeval Enraiie, chs. vii-viii. Hen- 
derson, Short History of Germany, ch. iii. Henderson, Germany In the 
Middle Ayes, chs. xii-xiv. Tout, Empire and Papacy, 110-140. Mil- 
man, III, 361-500; IV, 144-148. Stephens, Hlldebrand and his Times 
(esi^ecially chs. x-xii). Lavisse et Earabaud, Ilistolre Generate, II, 
75-111. Gregorovius, Eome in the Middle Ages, IV, Part I, chs. v, vi. 
Parmentier, Album Illstorir/ue, 123-130. Good account of Nicholas I 
and the False Decretals in Emerton, Mediaeval Europe, 63-81; of 
Cluny reform, ibid., 561-504, also in Munro and Sellery, Medieval 
Civilization, 137-152. 

§ 28. Recitation on * §§ 26-27 ; » Elunro, ch. vi ; and * Read- 
ings on Otto I, and the Investiture Struggle in 
references under §>; 26-27; *Putzger, 15. 

Cn. X. The Popes and the IIohexstaufen, 1138-1254. 
§ 29. The Empire and the Papacy in the 12th century. 

a. Conditions in the Empire at the beginning of the 12th cen- 
tury; rise of the Hohenstaufen. 

6. Frederick I (Barbarossa), 11.52-1190: 

personality and aims; the Hohenstaufen policy in Germany; 
relations with the Papacy and Rome; Arnold of Brescia; 
"&eue/ic/rt"; contest with the Lombard cities; the Lom- 
bard League and its steps in federation; Legnano; Treaty 
of Venice; Peace of Constance, 1183; Third Crusade; 
Frederick's place in history and legend. 

c. Henry VI; the Norman marriage; danger to the Papacy. 

* Munro, ch. xvii. 

For References, see § 30. 



15 



§ 30. The triumph of the Papacy over the Empire in the 
13th century. 

a. Innocent III, 119S-1216; policy and triumphs in politics, 

doctrine, and church organization. 

b. Frederick II, 1212-1250: 

ancestry and environment; contests in Germany and Italy 
(Guelf and Ghibelline); struggle with Papacy; ideas of 
government and religion. v 

c. Fall of the Hoheustaufen; French interference in Southern 

Italy; interregnum in Germany (Faustrecht), 12.56-1273. 
* Munro, ch. xvi. 

Beferencesfor §§ S9-S0. 

Sources.— Henderson, Documents, 410-429, 211-215. Robinson, 
Readhvjs, I, 296-309. Latin text in Mathews, Medieval Documents, 
79-S6 (Besan(,'on episode, "■ benejiciu'"); 86 (Roncalia); 99-105 (Treaty 
of Venice). 

MoDEKN Works. — Emerton, Mediaeval Europe, chs. ix-x. Tout, 
Empire and Pcqxicy, 237-244, and chs. xi and xvi. Henderson, 
Germany i)i the Middle Ages, chs. xv-xxvi. Balzani, Popes and Hohen- 
staufen. Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Generale, II, 127-188, 188-237. 
Henderson, Short History of Germany, ch. iv. Bryce, Holy Eoman 
Empire, chs. xi, xiii. Milman, Latin Christianity, Bk. VIII in chs. 
vi-vii, Arnold of Brescia; Bk. X, ch. iii (last part) Frederick II. 
Freeman, Historical Essays, First Series, Essays on Frederick I and 
Frederick II. 

On Lombard cities see: Adams, Civilizaiion During the Middle Af/es, . 
ch. xii. Guizot, History of Civilization in Europe, Lecture vii. May, 
Democracy in Europe, ch, vii. Sismondi, Itcdian Eepublics, cli. i. 
Hallam, View of the State cf Europe During the Middle Ages, ch. iii, 
Pt. i. 

§ 31. Recitation on * §§ 29-30 and * Reading on at least two 
topics under §§ 29-30 [e. g. Frederick I (or such 
subdivisions as the Lombard cities, Arnold of 
Brescia), Innocent III, Frederick II]. *Putzg8r5 17. 

Ch. XI. The Crusades, 1095-1270. 

§ 32. The capture and loss of Jerusalem ; the first two cru- 
sades. 

a. Character of the crusading movement. 

b. The East before the crusades: 



1(3 



The Byzantine Empire — its organization, its services, its 
enemies; Constantinople (set' Putzger, 38); Bulgaria and 
Paissia. 

.-. The Seljuk Turks: 

religion and characteristics; treatment of Christian popu- 
lation; attack on Eastern Empire (Mauzikert, 1071). 

'?. The First crusade and capture of Jerusalem. 

(1) The call: appeal of Alexis and rumors from the 

East; Council of Clermont, 1095; Peter the Her- 
mit; mixed motives of the crusaders. 

(2) The march: first bands and their fate; army of 

knights — leaders, routes, disputes with Alexis. 

(3) The struggle: Dorylaeum; Antioch ; Jerusalem, 1099. 
e. The Kingdom of Jerusalem; organization; the "Assizes"; 

the three military-religious orders and their later history. 
/. Loss of Jerusalem; decline in strength of the "Franks"; 
Second Crusade; Bernard of Clairvaux; Saladin's rise to 
power and capture of Jerusalem, 1187. 

*Muuro, chs. x, xi. * Putzger, 16. 

E'.'ferences. 

Sources. — Penn. Repylntf<, I, nos. 2 and 4 "Speech of Urban II," 
and "Letters of the Crusaders." Robinson, Beadliins, I, 312-329. 
Chronicles of the C'rusdiJrs (also selections in Guizot, Popular History 
of France, ch. xvi). 

Modern Works. — Gibbon, ch. Ivii. Bury, Later Bomaa Empire, 
Bk. V, chs. xi, xii; Bk. VI, chs. i-iii. Odysseus, Turkey in Evrope, 
ch. i. Cox, The Crusades. Archer and Kingsford, The Crusailv.s. 
Adams, Civilization Duriruj the Middle A'jis, ch. xi. Emerton, Mediae- 
val Europe, ch. xi. Milman, IV, Bk. VII, ch. vi. Guizot, Popular 
Illstor]/ (f France, chs. xvi, xvii. Oman, ^-i;'* '/' War In the Middle 
A(ies, Bk. V. Parmentier, Album Illstorlquc, 141-140. 

§ 33. The later crusades to recover Jerusalem. 

a. Third crusade, 1189-1192: 

leaders; routes; causes of failure. 

h. Fourth crusade, 1202-1204: 

Venice, her history and importance; change in motives of 
crusaders; Zara; Constantinople; the Latin Kingdom; 
significance of this crusade. 

c. Later crusades of Frederick II and St. Louis; expulsion of 
crusaders from the Holy Land, 1291; decline of the cru- 
sading spirit in Europe; new interests. 



17 



d. Results of the crusades: 

political, ecclesiastical and religious, economic, social, 
intellectual. 

* Notes and outline for the Special Report. 
Reading on at least one topic (* under § 34). 

References. 

See § 32; in addition: Penn. Reprints, III, no. 1 ("The Sources for 
the Fourth Crusade"). Robinson, Bewlinys, I, 329-343. Joinville, 
Si. Louis. Hutton, Philip Augustus, 44-52. Brown, Venice, An His- 
toricnl Sketch, chs. i, ii, vi, vii, viii. Milman, Bk. X, ch, iii, on cru- 
sade of Frederick II. Kitchin, I, Bk. Ill, cbs. iii, viii, sect. 2. Perry, 
St. Louis, chs. vii, viii, xii. Lane-Poole, S(d(tdin. Munro and Sellery, 
Medieval Civilization, 24S-256. Historical novels: Scott, Ivanhoe, Talis- 
man; W. S. Davis, ''God Wills It.'' 

§ 34. Recitation on *§§ 32-33, including a * Reading on at 
least two topics under §§ 32-33 ; and * Map showing : 

(1) The routes of the first, third, and fourth Crusades. 

(2) The boundary of the Empire under the Hohenstaufen. 
*Putzger, 16, 17. 

Ch. xii. Mediaeval Life. 
§ 35. The Church and Culture in the 12th and 13th centuries. 

a. The Papacy — election, income, powers; the canon law. 

b. The secular clergy — ranks and duties. 

c. The monks and the friars; ideals and services of St. Francis 

of Assisi. 

d. The heretical sects. 

e. Church services; festivals; popular beliefs. 
/. The culture of the Middle Ages. 

(1) Schools and universities. 

(2) Language and literature. 

(3) Architecture. 

* Munro, chs. xii, xv; and xvi (in review). Reading on at least one 
topic (* required under 36). 

References. 

Sources.— Penn. Reprints, IV, no. 2, "Monastic Tales"; II, no. 3. 
"The Mediaeval Student." St. Francis, Mirror of Perfection. The 
Little Book of Fhkcf^rs <f St. Franri.-t of Assisi (Temple Classics). 
Legend of St. Froii'-is, by the Three Companions (Temple Classics). 



18 

T!ie Rule of St. Fraucis is in Henderson, TJocument,'^, 344-349, and 
in Jones, Civilization in the MiiJdlf A(/es, 99-103. Robinson, Reddin'js, 
I, 34S-3CS; 377-395; 431-461. Ancffssin and Nicoletfe, an interesting 
mediaeval story translated into English. Love Leiterx of Abelard and 
Ui'loise (Temple Classics). The NihehnvjenJied (trans, bj' Birch, and 
Needier). 

Modern Works. — On the Church, Emerton, Mediaeval Europe^ 
ch. xvi, is the best general reference. Sabatier, Life of St. Francis of 
Assisi. Storrs, Bernard of Clairvanx. Compayre, Abelard. Cutts, 
Parish Priests and their People in the Middle Ages. Jessopp, Comin;/ 
of the Friars, ch. iii, "Daily Life in a Mediaeval Monastery." Lea, 
History of the Inquisition in the Middle Afjes, ch. ii, especially 76-S8; 
2.56-267, St. Francis. Milman, Histonj ef Latin Christianity, Bk. VIII, 
chs. iv-vi; Bk. IX, chs. ix, x. Compayre, Abelard, and the Origin 
and Early History of Universities. McCabe, Peter Abelard. 

On ritual and church service: Fislier, History of the Christian 
Church, 227-239. Schaff, History of the Christian Chundi, ch. x. 

On the culture of the Middle Ages: Robinson, History of Western 
Europe, ch. xix. Rashdall, The Universities of Europe in the Middle 
At/es, II, 593-709, "Student Life"; Paulsen, German Universities, 
their Character and Development (published separately, and also in 
Report of the United States Commissioners of Education, 1S91-1892, 
I). Haskins, " Life of Medieval Students as Illustrated by their Let- 
ters," in^mer. Hist. Eeview, III, 203-229 (Jan., 1898); " The University 
of Paris in the Sermons of the Thirteenth Century," in Amer. Hi.^t. 
Reviexo, Oct., 1904. Muuro and Sellery, Medieval Civilization. 348-357, 
students; 310-325, " Romance Languages"; 326-347, ''German Lan- 
guage"; 285-309, " Latin Classics." Emevtou, Muliaeval Europe, ioQ- 
476. Saintsbury, The Flourishiny (f Eoinance. Smith, Troubadours at 
Home. Fiske, Discovery of America, ch. iii. Bulfinch. Af/e of Chiv- 
oiry. Moore, Development and Cliaracter of Gothic Arrhitecture. Nor- 
ton, Historical Studies (f Church Bulldlny In the Middle A'jes. Jame- 
s(m, Legends of the Madoniia. Jameson, Legends if the Monastic Or- 
ders. Parmentier, Album Hlstorlque, 109-122; 203-230. 

S 36. The Life of the People in Country and Town. 

a. The people in the country: 

the manor; system of agriculture; obligations of the serfs; 
the Black Death; the disappearance of serfdom. 

b. Towns and communes: 

origin: government; town-life; the industrial organiza- 
tions; gilds; markets and fairs; the Jews. 

* Muuro, ch. xiv. * Reading on at least one topic under § 35. 



19 

References. 

Sour.CES. — Robinson, ReniJiuijs, I, 399-42S. Pena. Reprints, II, 
no. 1, "English towns and gilds"; III, no. 5, "English manorial 
documents." Chaucer, Canterbury Tales (Prologue). Sheldon, Gen- 
eral History, -389-394. 

Modern Works.— Seignobo."?, Feudal Re(jime, ch. i. liobinson, 
History of Western Europe, ch. xviii. Emerton, MedUieval Europe, 
ch. XV. Green, Short History of the English People, ch. iv, sect. 4; 
ch. V, sect. 4. Adams, Civilization During the Middle Ages, ch. xii. 
Guizot, Popular History of France, ch. xix. Cheyney, Industrial oral 
Social History of England, chs. ii, iii, iv. Seebohm, English Village 
Commimity, chs. i, iv. Jusserand, English Wayfaring Life in the 
Middle Ages. Jessopp, Studies by a Recluse, chs. iv, v. Jessopp, 
Coming of the Friars, ch. ii, "Village Life in Norfolk Six Hundred 
Years Ago," ch. iv; "The Black Death in East Anglia." Cutts, Par- 
ish Priests and their PeopAe in the Middle Ages in England. Ashley, 
English Economic History, I, chs. i, ii; II, chs. i, ii. Cunningham, 
Growth of English Indv.stry and Commerce. Gibbins, Industry in Eng- 
land, chs. vi, vii, x. Munro and Sellery, Medieval Civilizedion, 358- 
36.5. Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Genercde, II, chs. viii, is. Von 
Below, Das dltere deutsche Stddtewe.^en (richly illustrated). Hallam, 
View of the State of Europe During the Middle Ages, ch. iii, Pt. ii. 
Parmentier, Album Historique, 147-15S. 

* 37. Recitation on * §§ 35-36, including * reading on at least 
one topic under § 36. * Putzger, 15b. 

C. THE PERIOD OF THE RENAISSANCE AND 
REFORMATION. 

Ch. XIII. The Begixxings of the New Era. 

§ 38. The Italian Towns and the Beginnings of the Renais- 
sance. 

a. Character and limits of the new era. 
h. Causes of the Renaissance. 

(1) Crusades. 

(2) Growth of industry and commerce: 

goods, routes, and centres of commerce; rise of 
banking; importance of wealth for the Renais- 
sance. 

(3) The Italian cities and city-life. 

(4) Influence of nature. 

(.5) Classical antiquity and Greek scholars. 



20 

* Reading: either Robinson, Western Europe, cb. xxii; or on any 
one topic. (See References under § 39.) 

§ 39. Phases of the Italian Renaissance, 1300-1500. 

II. Literature and scbolarsbip: 

Dante, a mediaeval and modern man; Petrarcb, a modern 
man; Boccaccio; discovery and criticism of classical man- 
uscripts; tbe bumanists and tbe revival of learning; imita- 
tion of antiquity; Lorenzo de' Medici (d. 1492); tbe 
Platonic Academy. 

b. Science and discovery: 

exploration and travel; need of new route to the Spice 
Islands; attempts of tbe Portuguese and Spanish; Vasco da> 
Gama, Columbus; new inventions and beginning of new 
ideas in science, 

c. Architecture and sculpture: 

(Xiccola of Pisa, and Giotto) Brunellescbi, Donatello, 
Michel Angelo. 
'/. Painting: 

Giotto, Fra Angelico, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, 
Raphael, Michel Angelo (d. loG4). 

* Reading: either, on the life of one man of tbe Renaissance ;-uc on 
any one topic. 

Beferences. 

Sources.— Robinson, BeoAinijs, I, ,ol6-541. Macbiavelli, The Prince. 
Wbitcomb, A Literary Source-Boole nf the Itnllnn Renaissance, 33-40; 
47-55; 84-90; 110-118. Dante, The Divine Coniedy (translations by 
Norton, Longfellow, Gary). Vasari, Lhi^s nf Seventy of the Most 
Eminent Palnten^, Sculiitors, and An-hiirrts, Life of any one men- 
tioned above under c and il. Marco Polo, Travels (best edition by 
Yule; third edition revised by Cordier). 

Modern Works. — Robinson, Introilacilon to the History of Western 
Europe, ch. xxii. Symonds, Benalssance In Italy, I {Ar/e of the Despots), 
ch. i; II (Bevlral of Learning), ch. ii, "Humanism"; III, {Flue Arts), 
ch. ii, last part, "Architecture," iii, "Sculpture," vii, last part, 
"Painting," viii, "Michel Angelo," ix, " Benvenuto Cellini." Sy- 
monds, Short History of the Benalssance, chs. i, iii, or vii. Oliphant, 
Makers of Florence, chs. i-iii, "Dante"; iv, Giotto; v, Brunellescbi; 
vi, "A peaceful citizen"; vii, Fra Angelico; or xv, " Michel Angelo." 
Lord Acton, The Cambrlilye Moitern History, I (contains an excellent 
bibliography at the end). Adams, Civilization, chs. xii, xv. Burck- 
hardt. The Civilization of the Bmalssance In Italy, Part I, ch. vii; 
Part II, chs. i-iii; Part III, chs. i-ii, iv; Part IV, ch. iii. Symonds, 



21 

The Study of Dantt. Robinson and Rolfe, Petrarch the First Modern 
Scholar and Man of Letters. Armstrong, Lorenzo de' Medici. Creigh- 
ton, History of the Papacy, Bk. IV, ch. iv. Creightou, Historical 
Essays, 107-134. Brown, The Venetian Eepublic (Temple Primer), 
ch. iii. Brown, Venice, An Historical Sketch. Lavisse et Rambaud, 
Histoire Generule, III, 544-597. 

40. Recitation on * §§ 38-39, with one additional reading 
(three readings in all). * Putzger, 18, 19, 20 for Italy. 

Ch. XIY. The Formation of Modern Xatioxs. 
§ 41. France and England. The Hundred Years' War. 

a. The English occupation of France, 1337-1360. 

(1) Causes of the Hundred Tears' War: 

Edward Ill's position in England; his possessions 
in France; the Flemish towns and the wool-trade; 
English claim to the French throne; accession of 
the Valois line; beginning of a national feeling in 
France and England. 

(2) The English victories: 

Sluys; Creg-y, 1346; Calais; Poitiers, 1356; Peace 
of Bretigny, 1360; reasons for the success of the 
English. 

b. The driving out of the English, 1.361-1453. 

(1) English losses: 

death of Edward III and the Black Prince. 

(2) New English victories: 

civil war in France between the houses of Burgundy 
and Orleans; Henry V's invasion; Agincourt, 1415; 
alliance of English and Burgundians; treaty of 
Troves; siege of Orleans, 1429. 

(3) Joan of Arc: career, character, and influence. 

(4) Charles VII: 

military reforms; iaille ; final expulsion of the 
English and end of the Hundred Years' War, 1453; 
Calais. 

c. Louis XI, 1461-14S3: 

character; struggle with Charles the Bold of Burgundy; 

destruction of the power of feudal princes: Italian policy; 

permanence of his work. 
* Complete Special Report, with exact references in margin. The 
report should be accompanied with bibliography, notes, and outline. 
Reading on at least one topic (* under § 42). 



22 



Rfiferences. 

Sources. — Froissart, Chronicles (also selections iu Camelot Series). 
EiJioard III <(ii<l his W((rs (English History from Contemporary 
Writers). Robinson, Eeadinys, I, 466-485. Kendall, Source Book nf 
EvKjUsh History, cli. vi. 

Modern Works. — Robinson, Illstari/ af Wc.stent Europe, cb. xx. 
Adams, Gnaoth of the French Notion, lOS-143. Kitchin, Bk. IV. 
Guizot, Popular History of France, cbs. xxii-xxv. Guizot, Conclxe 
History of France, ch. v. Lavisse et Rambaud, Hlstnlre Generate, III, 
cbs. ii-iv. Green, Short History of the English People, cb. v. War- 
burton, Edward III and his Wars. Stanley, Memorials of C ante rbury, 
"Edward tbe Black Prince." Stoddard, Bertrand Bu GuescJln. Low- 
ell, Joan of Arc. Micbelet, History of Franre, II, 131-161 (Bk. X, cbs. 
iii-iv), "Maid of Orleans." Kirk, Charles the Bold. Cbeyney, Indus- 
trial and Sochd History <f Emjhtnd, cb. v. Oman, Art of War In the 
Middle Ayes, Bk. VIII. 

§ 42. Recitation on France, England (* § 41, with * Read- 
ing on one topic) ; the lesser European countries, 
* Munro, ch. xx; * Putzger, 18, lower right hand map. 

§ 43. The Formation of new states within the Empire, 

1273-1493. 

((. Decline of tbe Empire: 

Kings from various bouses; failure to develop national 
unity; dynastic and territorial policy of tbe princes; Golden 
Bull, 1356; tbe Seven Electors, their territories and powers; 
tbe Hobenzollern in Brandenburg, 1415; the Hapsburg 
lands and marriages, imperial power, 143S-1806; "Italy 
the cave of the lion." 

b. Colonization of Slavic lands by tbe Teutonic Knights; wars 

with Poland; East and West Prussia. 

c. Rise of cities and city leagues on tbe Rhine and Baltic; the 

Hanse. 

d. Rise of tbe Swiss Confederation (Eldf/enossen): 

tbe three Forest Cantons; struggle with Austria in tbe loth 
and 14tb centuries; Morgarten, 1315; addition of the City 
Cantons {see Putzger, IS); defeat of Charles the Bold of 
Burgundy, Xancy, 1477. 
* Map showing: 

(1) Seven Electorates after 1356. 

(2) Tbe Hapsburg lands in 1477. 

(3) Boundary of tbe Swiss Confederation. 

See Putzger, IS, 19; Henderson, Short History (f Germany, 
I, 229. 

i. CF C, 



23 

References. 

Sources. — RobiDSon, Readlnys, I, 477-481. Henderson, DocamenU, 
220-261, '' Golden Bull." 

Modern Works. — Henderson, Slvn-t IllMortj of Germany, chs. vi- 
viii. Bryce, Holy Roman Empire, chs, xiv-xvii, Duruy, History of 
the Middle Ayes, ch. xxx. Lewis, History of Germany, chs. x-xii. 
Ploetz, Epitome, 244-253. Thatcher and Schwill, Europe in the Mid- 
dle Ayes, ch, xx. Lodge, Close of the Middle Ages, chs. v, vii, xviii. 
Hug and Stead, Story of Switzerland. Dandliker. Sivitzerland. Jack- 
son, Huldreich Zwinyli (Introductory chapter by Vincent). Vincent, 
Switzerland at the Berjinniwj of the Sixteenth Century, in Johns Hop- 
kins Univ. Studies, XXII, no. 5. Zimmern, Story of the Hanse Towns. 
Hallam, Views of the State of Europe During the Middle Ages, ch. v. 
Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoirc Generate, III, 600-650. 

§ 44. The Popes and the Reforming Councils. 

a. Comparison of the papacy under Hildebrand, Innocent III, 

and Boniface VIII; significance of the struggle between 
Boniface VIII (1294-1303) and Philip the Fair. 

b. Papacy at Avignon : 

"Babylonish Captivity," 1305-1377; causes and results. 

c. "The Great Schism," 1378-141S: 

origin and effects; Wiclif (d. 1384); Huss (burned, 1415); 
three theories of Church authority. 

d. The Conciliar Movement: 

Council of Pisa, 1409; Council of Constance and its three- 
fold program, 1414-1418; the Hussite Wars; Council of 
Basel, 1431-1449; reasons for the comparative failure of the 
conciliar movement. 
('. Condition of the Papacy after the Council of Basel: 

the Papacy and the Renaissance — Nicholas V, Pius II; the 
Papacy at the end of the 15th century — Alexander VI and 
his son, Caesar Borgia; the papal states; need of reform 
and failure of methods attempted. 
* Reading on at least one of the above topics. 

Reftrences. 

Sources. — Robinson, Readings, 488-514. Whitcomb, Source Book 
of the Renaissance, 40-47. 

Modern Works. — Robinson, History if Western Europe, ch. xxi. 
Henderson, Short History if Germany, ch. ix. Lodge, Close of the 
Middle Ages, chs. ii, ix-xi. Creighton, History of the Papacy from 
the Great Schism to the Sack of Rome. Introd., ch. i; Bk. II, ch. ii. 



24 

ou Wiclif ; Bk. II, clis. iv, v, "JohuHus'"; Bk. IV, ch. iv, "Nicholas 
V.'" Creifrhton, Historical Essays, bbft, "Aeceas Sylvius, Pope Pius 
11"; 173-201, "John Wiclif." Green, ShoH History of the English 
People, ch, v, sect. 3. Milman, Latin Christianity, Bk. XIII, oh. ix. 
Kauke, History of the Popes, Pastor, History of the Prjjies (good for 
the Roman Catholic point of view). Jaussen, History of the German 
People. The Church Histories of Fisher, Moeller, Kurz, Sohni, and 
for a Roman Catholic view, Alzog. Lavisse et Rambaud, Hisfoire 
Generate, III, 312-352. 

§ 45. Recitation on Empire (* § 43 including '/■//((-• brief gen- 
eral reading " ■ at least one topic); and on Papacy 
(* § 44, including reading); *Putzger, 18, 19. 



A SYLLABUS 



OF 



EUROPEAN HISTORY 

FROM THE GERMAN INVASIONS TO 
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 

REJ/ISED EDITION 
Part II.— 1492-1789 



BY 

HERBERT DARLING FOSTER 

AND 

SIDNEY BRADSHAW FAY 

OF THE DEPARTiMENT OF HISTORY, DARTMOUTH COLLEGE 



FOR SALE BY E. P. STORRS, AND THE COLLEGE BOOK STORE 
HANOVER, N. H. 

190S 



PREFACE 

This syllabus is not intended in any way as a substitute for a text- 
book or note-book. It is merely an outline indicating the work to 
be done in the second Semester (History 2), so divided as to fall into 
46 sections. Each section (§) represents an exercise, which is a lecture 
unless marked as a recitation. The asterisk (*) indicates required 
work in every case. The references for reading are not exhaustive. 
For a bibliograjihy of the more detailed works, especially those in 
French and German, reference should be made to the bibliographies 
at the end of the volumes in the Cambridge Modern Uistory; at the end 
of the chapters in Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Generale; in Stephens' 
Syllabu-s of 87 Lectures In European History; to Monod, Bihlioyraphie 
de r Histoire de France; and to Dahlmaun-Waitz, Quellenkunde der 
Deutschen Geschichte. 

In the hope that students will be interested to buy some books in 
addition to the text-books, and thus form for themselves the nucleus 
of an historical library, there is added a short list of those books to 
which reading references will most frequently be given. 



SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF EUROPEAN HISTORY 

Part IL— 1492-1789 
SOURCES 

Calvin, John, The InstUutes of the Christian Reliylon. 2 vols. New 

Yoik, n. d. [Scribner, $5.00.] 
Crozer Theological Seminary, Illstorlcal Leaflets. 1901-02. [10 

cents each.] ttt-h- 

Luther, Martin, Table Talk. Translated and edited by William 
Hazlilt. Bolin Library. London, 1857. ' [Macmillan Co., .sl.OO.] 

Robinson, James Harvey, Beadlnys in European Hidory, Vol. IL 
Boston. [In Press.] 

Tran.<^lations and Eeprint.-^ from the Oriuinal Semrces of European 
History. Published by the Department of History of the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania. 6 vols. Philadelphia, 1894-99. [Single 
numbers sold separately, 15 to 25 cents each.] 

Whitcomb, Merrick, Source Book of the Renaissance. Published 
by the Department of History of the University of Pennsylvania. 
Philadelphia, 1899-1900. Also by Longmans, Green & Co. 
Part I, A Literary Source Book of the Italian Benaissance. [$1.00.] 
Part II, A Literary Source Book of the German BenaiHsance. [$1.00.] 

MODERN WORKS 

Armstrong, Edward, The Emperor Charles V. 2 vols. London, 
1902. [Macmillan Co., $7.00, net.] 

Bain, R. N., Charles XIL New York, 1899. (Heroes of the Na- 
tions.) [Putnam, $1.50.] 

Besant, Walter, Gaspard de Coliyny. New York, 1901. [The 
American Book Co., 30 cents.] 

Cambridqe Modern History. Vol. I, Benaissance; Vol. II, Beforma- 
tion; Vol. Ill, Wars of Beligion. New York, 1902-5. [Macmillan 
Co., $4.00 each.] 

Carlyle, Thomas, History ef Friedrich 11 of Prussia, called Fred- 
n-irk the Great. 5 vols. London, 1903. [Chapman & Hall, 2s. 
6d. each.] 

Creighton, Mandell, A History of the Papacy from the Great 
Srhism to the Sack of Borne. 6 vols. New York, 1897. [Long- 
mans, txreen & Co., each volume $2.00.] 



VI 

Fisher, G. P., The Reformation. New York, 1S99. [Scribner, 82.50.] 
Gardiner, S, R., The Thirty Year.s' War, 1G1S-164S. Loudon, 1893. 

(Epochs of Modern History.) [Longmans, Green & Co., 81.00.] 
Green, J. R., Short History of the EivjJlsh People. New York, 1875. 

[The American Book Co., $1.20.] 
Hassall, Arthur, Louis XIV. New York, 1899. (Heroes of the 

Nations.) [Putnam, $1.50.] 
Hausser, Ludwig, The Period of the Eefe/rmation, 1517-1C4S. New 

York, u. d. [American Tract Society, $2.00.] 
Henderson, E. F., A Short History of Germany. 2 vols. New York, 

1002. [Macmillau Co., $4.00.] 
Johnson, A. H., Europe in the 16th Century, 1494-159S. (Periods of 

European History.) New York, 1898. [Macmillau Co., $1.75 

net.] 
Kitchin, G. W., History of Franee. 3 vols. 4th edition. Oxford, 

1899. [Clarendon Press, $2.60 each.] 
Kostlin, Julius, Life ef Luther. New York, 1898. [Scribner, $2.50.] 
Lavisse, Ernest, et Rambaud, Alfred, Histoire Generate du IVe 

Si'ecle a Nos Jours. Vols. 4, 5, 6, and 7. Paris, 1896-1901. 

[Colin et Cie., 12 fr. each.] 
Longman, F. W., Frederick the Great and the Seven Years^ War. 

New York, 1S9S. (Epochs of Modern History.) [Longmans, 

Green & Co., $1.00.] 
Lowell, E. J., Eve of the French Rercdutiim. Boston, 1895. [Hough- 
ton, Mifflin & Co., $2.00.] 
Macaulay, T. B., An Essay on Fredrrirk the Great. New York, 

1893. (English Classics Series.) [Mayuard, Merrill ct Co., 24 

cents.] 
Mahan, A. T., Influence ef Sea Penuer upon History, 16(jO-17S3. 

Boston, 1890. [Little, Brown & Co., $4.00.] 
Motley, J. L., Peter the Great. New York, 1893. [Mayuard, Mer- 
rill & Co., 24 cents.] 
Motley, J. L., Rise of the Dutch Republic. 3 vols. New York, 18-56. 

[Harper; al.so edition in 2 vols., A. L. Burt Co., $2.50 net.] 
Perkins, J. B,, France wider the Regency. Boston and New York, 

1802. [Houghton, Mifflin & Co., $2.00.] 
Perkins, J. B., Richelieu a.nd the Growth ef French Power. New 

York, 1900. (Heroes of the Nations.) [Putnam, $1.50.] 
Ploetz, Carl, Epitome ef Ancient, Medieval, ami Modern History. 

Boston, 1883. [Houghton, Mifflin ct Co., $3.00.] 
*Putzger, F. W., Ilistorischer Schulatlas. Leipzig, 1902. 26tli 

edition. [Velhagen tt Klasing, 2 m. 70 pf.] 

* Required text-books. 



Vll 



Ranke, Leopold, History of the Reformation in Germany. 3 vols, 
Loudon, 11. d. [Longmaus, .Green & Co., 48s.] 

* Seebohm, Frederic, Era of the Protestant BevoJution. New York, 

1890. (Epochs of Modern History.) [Longmans, Green & Co., 
§L00.] 

Seeley, J. R., Expansion of England. London, 1883. [Macmillan 
Co., 5s.] 

Symonds, J. A., Short History of the Renaissance in Italy (an abridg- 
ment of his larger work). Xew York, 1894. [Henry Holt & Co., 
*1.75.] 

* Wakeman, H. O., The Ascendancy cf France. (Periods of European 

History.) New York, 1894. [Macmillan Co., §1.40.] 
Walker, Williston, The Reformation. (Ten Epochs of Church 

History.) Xew York, 1900. [Scribner, S2.00.] 
Willert, P. F., Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots in France. 

Xew York, 1900. (Heroes of the Nations.) [Putnam, $1.50.] 

* Required text-books. 



CONTENTS 

Chapter 1. Political and Religious Conditions in Europe 

AT THE END OF THE 15tH CeNTURY. 

PAGE 

§ 1 . Italy at the close of the 15th century 1 

§ 2. England and France, 1483-1519 2 

§ 3. Recitation 3 

§ 4. The establishment of the absolute monarchy in Spain . . 3 

§ 5. Germany on the eve of the Reformation, 1493-1519 ... 4 

§ 6. Recitation 5 

Chapter II. The Protestant Revolution in Germany in 
the 16th Century. 

§ 7. Martin Luther (1483-1546) and the beginnings of the 

Reformation in Germany to 1.521 5 

§ 8. The German Reformation from the Diet of Worms to the 

Confession of Ausburg, 1521-1530 6 

§ 9. Recitation 7 

§ 10. The reign of Charles V, 1519-1556, and the close of the 

Reformation in Germany 7 

§11. Recitation 8 

Chapter III. The Reformation outside of Germany in 
the 16th Century. 

§ 12. Zwingli (14S4-1531) and the Reformation in Switzerland . 8 

§ 13. John Calvin (1509-1564) and the Genevan Reformation . . 9 

§ 14. Recitation 10 

§ 15. The Reformation in England and the Scandinavian coun- 
tries. (Recitation) 11 

Chapter IV. The Counter Reformation and the Begin- 
ning OF THE Religious Wars. 

§ 16. The Reform within the Catholic Churph; the Jesuits and 

the Council of Trent 11 



X 



§ 17. Philip II of Spain and Elizabetli of England as leade-rs of . 

opposing forces 12 

§ 18. Recitation 13 

§ 19. The Revolt of the Netherlands, 1568-164S 13 

§ 20. Recitation 14 

§21. The Religious Wars in France, 1562-1598. (Recitation) . 14 

§ 22. Written Hour Examination 15 

Chapter V. France and the Thirty Years' War. 

§ 23. France under Henry IV and Marie de' Medici 15 

§ 24. Franceunder Richelieu and Mazarin, 1624-1661 (Recitation) 16 

§ 25. The Thirty Years' War to the Peace of Prag, 1635 ... 17 

§ 26. Recitation 18 

§ 27. The close of the Thirty Years' AVar 18 

§ 28. Recitation 19 

Chapter YI. The Age of Louis XIV. 

§ 29. Louis XIV and Colbert. (Recitation.) List of Readings 

on Louis XIV 19 

§ 30. The commercial supremacy of the Dutch Republic in the 

17th century 21 

§ 31. Louis XIV and William III; the beginning of "The Second 
Hundred Years' War between England and France," 

1689-1815 22 

§ 32. Recitation 23 

§ 33. The Partition Treaties and the War of the Spanish Succes- 
sion 23 

§34. The Peace of Utrecht, 1713; France under Louis XV . . 23 

§ 35. Recitation 24 

Chapter VII. Prussia, Russia, and the Eastern Question 

IN THE 17th and IStH CENTURIES. 

§ 36. The struggle for the Baltic; the rise of Prussia .... 24 

§ 37. The formation of the Russian Empire; Peter the Great . 25 

§ 38. Recitation 26 

§ 39. The Eastern Question in the 17th and 18th centuries . . 26 

§ 40. Recitation . 27 



XI 

Chapter VIII. The Struggle for European and Colonial 
Supremacy in the ISth Century. 

§ 41. Frederick the Great and the War of the Austrian Succes- 
sion 27 

§ 42. Frederick the Great and the Seven Tears' War .... 28 

§ 43. Recitation 29 

§ 44. The expansion of England • .... 29 

§ 45. The eve of the French Revolution 80 

§ 46. Recitation 31 



SYLLABUS OF EUROPEAN HISTORY 

Part IL— 1492-1789 

Ch. I. Political and Religious Conditions in Europe at the 
End of the 15th Century. 

§ 1. Italy at the close of the 15th century. 

a. Introduction: 

the area of Christendom ; characteristics of the old and 
new eras. (Seebohm, Era of the Protestant Eevolution, 
1-21.) 

b. Italy: 

its lack of unity, causes and results; five main divisions 
of Italy at end of 1.5th century. 

c. The Humanists and the revival of learning at Florence: 

Florence the modern Athens; Lorenzo de' Medici (died 
1492); the Platonic Academy; Machiavelli; non-religious 
character of the Italian Renaissance. 
(?. Savonarola (1452-149S) and the reform in Florence. 

(1) Early life; monk; preacher; Prior of San Marco 

in Florence. 

(2) Savonarola as prophet and politician: 

the expulsion of the Medici ; Charles YIII enters 
Florence; the new constitution of 1494, 

(3) Reformer and martyr: 

reform of morals in Florence; attacks on Alexan- 
der VI; excommunication and execution; failure 
of reform. 

* Seebohm, Era of the Protestant Revolution, 1-26, 66-74. 

Beferences. 

Sources. — Machiavelli, History of Florence ; and The Prince. Whit- 
comb, Literary Soi(rce-Book of the Remdssance, 80-90. Commines, 
3Iemotrs (Bohn ed.), II, 189-191, 284-287, Savonarola. 

Modern Works. — On Savonarola: Symonds, Short Illstory of the 
Iienalssance,ch.x. OWphant, Makers of Florence, chs. ix-xiii. Creigh- 
ton. History of the Papacy, Bk. V, ch. viii, and parts of ch. vii. Vil- 

* Eequired work. 



lai'i, Machiavclli and his Times, I, 334-353. Ranke, Latin and Teutonic 
Nations, 110-126. Cambridge Modern Histonj, I, cli. v. Villari, Life 
of Savonarola. Symonds, The Renaissance in Italy, I {The Aye of Des- 
pots) ch. viii. Pastor, History of the Popes (ed. Antrobus), Y, cb. ii, 
especially 181-221. 

Jobnson, Europe in the 16th Century, in cb. i. Burckbardt, Civiliza- 
tion of the Eenaissance in Italy, Pt. I, cli. vii. Lavisse et Rambaud, 
Histoire Genende, IV, 1-23. 

§ 2. England and France, 1483-1519. 

fl. The establisbment of the Tudor Mouarcby: 

tbe Wars of tbe Roses; battle of Boswortb Field, 1485; 
effects of tbe Wars of tbe Roses; Henry YII, 14S5-1509, — 
bow be gained and kept bis power; " Tudor despotism " ; 
Henry VIII, 1.509-1547, — cbaracter, marriage, foreign 
ambitions and alliances. 

5. Tbe Renaissance in England: 

tbe University of Oxford; Wiclif and tbe Lollards; Cax- 
ton; tbe Oxford Reformers (Colet, Erasmus, More). 

c. France under Cbarles VIII and Louis XII, 148.3-1515: 

tbe royal domain and power at tbe deatb of Louis XI; 
tbe Frencb invasions of Italy; Venice and tbe League 
of Cambrai ; tbe Holy League and tbe expulsion of tbe 
Frencb from Italy, 1512. 

c7. Francis I, 1515-1547: 

tbe Renaissance in France, — arcbitecture, literature, tbe 
College de France; bis Italian policy; battle of Marignano 
1515, and tbe Duchy of Milan; Concordat of 1516; Imperial 
election of 1519; beginning of tbe rivalry of Charles V and 
Francis 1. 



*Seebobm, 40-55, 74-94. 



Beferences. 



Sources. — Sir Thomas More, Utopia. Roper, L//V of" -Vo/'e. Penn. 
Beprints, I, no. 1 (descriptions and letters of Henry VIII and of the 
Oxford Reformers). Erasmus, Colloquies: Praise of Folly. Whit- 
comb, Source-Book of the Benaissanre, 47-62, on Erasmus. Commines, 
Memoirs, Bk, VII, cbs. ii-xi. 

Modern Works.— Green, Short History of the English People, cb. 
vi, sects. 3, 4. Seebohm, Oxford Beformers, cbs. i, iii-xii. Buscb, 
England under the Tudors, I, 291-317. Creigbton, Wohey. Emerton, 
Erasmus. J3aird, The Bise of the Huguenots, I, ch. i. Robinson, 



Margaret of Angouleme. Lavisse et Eambaud, Ilistolre Generate, IV, 
46-94, Adams, Groiuth of the French Nation, ch. x. Kitchin, History 
of France, II, Bk. Il^^chs. i-iii. Gnizot, Popular History of France, 
chs. xxvi, xxvii. Guizot, Concise History of France (ed. Massoa), 
217-240. Pastor, History of the Popes, V, Bk. II, ch. iii; VI, Bk. II, 
ch. vi. Creighton, History of the Papacy, Bk. V, chs. vii, xix, xx. 
Duruy, History of Modern Times, ch. vii. Prescott, History of Ferdi- 
nand and Isabella, II, Part II, chs. i-iii, the Italian wars of Cliarles 
VIII. Sichel, ]Vomen and Men of the FrencJt Bcnalssance, chs. i-vi. 

§ 3. Recitation on * §§ 1,2, and a * reading on either Savon- 
arola, the Oxford Reformers, or some other topic 
under §§ 1 or 2. * Putzger, 19, 20. 

§ 4. The establishment of the absolute monarchy in Spain. 

a. The reconquest of Spain from the Moors: 

geography of Spain ; Moorish civilization ; growth of the 
four Christian kingdoms; marriage of Ferdinand and 
Isabella, 1469; final conquest of Granada, 1492; the Mor- 
iscoes; the Spanish Inquisition; effect of the wars on 
Spanish character and institutions. 

b. Beginning of the absolute monarchy in Spain: 

(1) Consolidation of the kingdoms: 

political anarchy in Spain until 1474; Ferdinand 
and Isabella's union of the kingdoms (Castile and 
Aragon, 1479; Granada, 1492; Upper Navarre, 
1512). 

(2) Reorganization of government and society: 

classes of society; Cortes; Hermandad; methods 
of increasing monarchical power. 
(.3) Colonial conquest and expansion: 

discoveries in East and West; Spanish colonial 
policy; influx of gold and silver and its effects. 

c. Charles' accession in Spain, 1.510; his mistakes; his election 

to the Empire as Charles V, 1519; troubles in Spain dur- 
ing his absence. 

*Seebc)hm, 26-40, .55-05. Optional reading on Spain (* required 
under § 5). 

Beferences, 

Prescott, History of Ferdinand and Isabella: I, Intro., sect. 1; II, 
ch. xvii; III, ch. xxvi. Armstrong, The Emperor Vharles V : I, chs. ii, 



v; II, chs. ii-iv. Robertson, Ilistori/ of the Rri'jn oftheEmjit'ror Charles 
V, vol. I, Bk. I. Cambrid'je Modent Ili^tori/, I, ch. xi. Lane-Poole, 
Story of the Moors in Spain, chs. xi-xiii. Hume, Spaiji, its Greatness 
and Derail, Intro., sect. 1. Irvint?, Conquest of Granada. Fiske, 
Discoverij of America, ch. iii. Ilallani, State of Europe duriny the 
Middle A(/es, ch. iv. Beazley, Prince Ilennj the Nar'ajator, chs. vi- 
xii. Lavisse et Rambaud, lY, ch. ix. 

§ 5. Germany on the eve of the Reformation, 1493-1519. 

a. Soci.al and economic conditions. 

(1) The peasants: 

their grievances; revolts and failures, 

(2) The towns: 

importance; industries; commerce and capital. 

(3) The church and religion: 

grievances; religious enthusiasm and desire for 
reform ; mystics and sects. 

(4) Intellectual and artistic life: 

influence of Erasmus, Reuchlin, Hutten; "Let- 
ters of Obscure Men " ; schools and universities; 
fine arts and inventions; character of the Renais- 
sance in Germany. 

b. Political conditions. 

(1) Cities, Princes, Electors, and the aims of each; the 

Diet; the Knights. 

(2) The Emperor: Maximilian, 140:3-1519, — character, 

aims, marriage, dynastic and foreign policy. 

c. Need of reform in social, economic, and political conditions; 

failure of attempts at reform; omens of revolution. 

* Reading on Spain. Optional reading on one of the above topics 
(* required under § 0). 

Itiferenees. 

Sources. — Whitcomb, LUerary Sonrce-Book of the German nena'ts. 
sanee, Erasmus, Reuchlin, Hutten, or "Letters of Obscure Men." 
Erasmus, Praise of Folly; Colloquies. Pennsylvania Beprints, II, no, 6. 
Freytag, Bilder aus der Deutschen VeryinKjenheit, I, Ans dem Jahr- 
hundert der Beformatlon, 17-4-200 (autobiography of a German bur- 
gher). Brant, Narrenschiff. 

MoDEKN Works. — Henderson, Short History of Germany, I, ch. x. 
Lavisse et Rambaud, IV, 380-398. Johnson, Europe in the 16th 
Century, 106-128. Robinson, History of Wvsttrn Europr, ch. xxiv. 
Creighton, History of the Papacy, Bk. YI, chs. i, ii. Ranke, History 



of the Reformation in Germany, Vol, I, Introduction, last half. Cam- 
bridge Modern History, I, chs. ix, xix. Beard, Martin Luther, clis. i- 
iii. Francke, Social Forces in German Literature, cb. v. EmertoD, 
Erasmus, ch. viii. Fisher, The Reformation, cli. iii. Janssen, History 
of the German Peoi>le, I. Gibbous, Faith of Our FatJiers. 

§ 6. Becitation on * §§ 4, 5, including * reading on Germany 
and * reading on Spain *Putzger, 19, 20. 

Ch. II. The Protestant Revolution in Geejiany in tue 16th 

Century. 

§ 7. Martin Luther (1483-1546) and the beginning of the 
Reformation in Germany to 1521. 

a. Luther's early struggles, 1483-1517: 

home, school, and monastery; religious development; 
influence of St. Paul (e. y., Romans i, IT, and iii, 20-28), 
St. Augustine, and German mystics; professor at Witten- 
berg, 1508; journey to Rome; Luther as preacher and 
priest. 

h, Luther's opposition to the indulgences: 

the indulgences in theory and practice; Tetzel; Luther's 
attitude; posting of the 95 theses, 1517; feeling in Ger- 
many. 

c. Gradual development of Luther's opposition to the Papacy, 

1517-1520: 

Luther's hearing before the papal legate; ajjpeal to the 
Pope; negotiations; disputation with Eck at Leipzig, 
(Luther and Hus); the three pamphlets of 1520; excom- 
munication; burning of the papal bull and the canon 
law, 1520. 

d. The Diet of Worms. 1521 : 

Luther's journey; Luther and Charles Y; Luther before 
the Diet; the Edict of Worms. 

e. Luther a typical German and the Hero of the Reformation. 

*Seebohm, 94-130. Reading on one topic (* required under § 8). 
References. 

Sources. — Luther's Prinun-y Works, containing 95 theses, and i)am- 
phlets of 1520. Penn. Reprints, II, no. 6, and same in vol. on Reform- 
ation. Theses also in Larned, History for Ready Reference, article, 
"Luther." Luther's Table Talk. Crozcr Leaflets, I, nos. 2, Tetzel; 
3, "Decree of Worms," 6, Luther's appeal. 



6 

MoDERX Works.— Iliiusser, Bfioniuilion, chs. i, ii, and pp. 42-47, 
Fisher, i?f:/bnu<'^/o». S5-1 12. Walker, lit^formation. 11-121. Johnson, 
Europe in 16ih Century. 14.5-160. Creighton, History of the Papacy 
during the Beformalion, Bk. VI, chs. iii. v. Henderson, Short History 
of Germany, I, eh. xi. Schaff, History of Christian Church, Vol. VI, 
Bk. I, chs. ii, iii. Kostlin, Life of Luther (standard life by a German). 
More recent lives by Beard (chs. iv-ix), and Jacobs (Bks. I-II). 
Ranke, History of the lieformation in Germany, Vol. I, Bk. II. 
Froude's Beview of Kiistlin's Life. Cambridge Modern History, II, 
eh. iv. Francke, Social Forces in German Litn-ature, eh, v. Carlyle, 
Heroes and Hero Wor^^hlj), iv, "Hero as Priest." Lavisse et Ram- 
baud, IV, 39S-410. Freytag, Bilder aus der Drufsrhen Vergamienheit, 
I, Aus dcm Jahrhundcrt der Beformnfion, ch. iv, "Doctor Luther," 
67-00. Freytag, M'lrlin 7. "//*'/• (trans, of preceding: illustrated). 

§ 8. The German Reformation from the Diet of Worms to 
the Confession of Augsburg, 1521-1530. 

(I. Luther at the Wartburg, 1.521-1.522: 

his translation of the Xew Testament; his methods; 
religious and literary importance of the Lutheran Bible. 

h. Luther's return to Wittenberg: 

with the students at " The Black Bear" in Jena; opposi- 
tion to the Radicals. 

r. Social and political revolution: 

Hutten and Sickingen; the Peasants' War, 1.524-152.5; 
the Twelve Articles; Luther's attitude toward the peas- 
ants and revolution; the Anabaptists (at Miinster, 15:34- 
1535); Luther's marriage, 1525; political and social effects 
of marriage of monks and of dissolution of monasteries. 

'?. Beginnings of a Protestant church and state: 

ordination of church ofticers, 1525; government and woi'- 
ship of the Lutheran church; reasons for the non- 
enforcement of the Edict of Worms at the 1st Diet of 
Spires, 1526; sack of Rome, 1527: the action of the 2d 
Diet of Spires, 1529, and the reasons; principles of " Pro- 
testants"; Diet and Confession of Augsburg, 1530. 

*Seebohm, 131-155, 1G2-1G0. * Reading on at least one topic in § 7. 
Optional reading on Luther's character, or one of the above topics 
(* required under § 0). 

Beferenres. 

Sources.— P'Jiu. B^jirints, II, no. 6, Hutteu's letter, and 12 Arti- 
cles. Augshurg Confession (Luth. Pub. Soc). Crozer Leaflets, I, nos. 



1, Protest at Spires; 4, Against the Peasants. Lvther'.s Table Talk. 
Freytag, Bilder, Aus dem Jahrhundert der Reformation, 58-66, Luther 
and students; same, translated, in Freytag, Martin Luther, 74-82. 
Luther's Letter in Behalf of Schools is translated in Painter, LutJier 
on Education, ch. ix. 

Modern Wokks. — Fisher, Reformation, 112-lo5. Henderson, Short 
History of Germany, chs. xii-xiii. Walker, Reformation, 121-146; 181- 
188. Johnson, Sixteenth Century, lei-lll; 176-180,196-200. Hiiu-sser, 
chs. v-ix. Schaff, History of the Christian Church, VI, chs. iv-v, viii- 
ix. Cambridge ^[odern History, II, clis. v, vi, Ranke, History of the 
Beformatlon In Germany, II. Kostlin, Luth'-r. Jacobs, Luther, Bk. II, 
ch. ix, and Bk. Ill, chs. i-ix. Richards, Melanchthon, cli. xiii. Arm- 
strong, Charles V, ch. ix. Creighton, Papacy during the Reformation, 
last two chs. Oman, Eiuj. Illst. Revleio, Vol. V, "The German Peas- 
ant War of 1525." For Roman Catholic accounts, see Alzog, Church 
History, III, ch. i; and Janssen, History of the German People, II. 
Lavisse et Rambaud, IV, 410-436. Freytag, Bilder, Aus dem Jahr- 
hundert der Reformation, ch. iv ("Doctor Luther"), 90ff. Freytag, 
Martin Luther (trans, of preceding), 69ff. 

§ 9. Recitation on * §:; 7, 8, including * reading on at least 
two topics. *Putzger, 21. 

§ 10. The reign of Charles V, 1519-1556, and the close of 
the Reformation in Germany. 

a. Charles the man : 

character and abilities; complexity of his territories; 
his problems and his policy (imperial, religious, Italian, 
Turkish). 

b. Charles' rivalry with Francis I and liis attitude toward the 

Reformation: 

battle of Pavia, 1525; treaty of Madrid and 1st Diet of 
Spires, 1526; the sack of Rome, 1527; renewed alliance 
of Pope and Emperor and 2d Diet of Spires, 1529; Con- 
fession of Augsburg, 1530. 

c. Charles and the Turks: 

Suleiman the Magnificent, 1520-1566; battle of Mohacs, 
1.526; Ferdinand of Hapsburg acquires Bohemia and 
Hungary; tlie Turkisli peril in 1530; Turkish corsairs; 
Charles V's expedition to Tunis and Algiers. 
(7. Charles and the Protestant Princes of Germany: 

increasing power and ambitions of the Princes; the 
League of Schmalkald; fruitless negotiations; Luther's 



death; the Schmalkald War, 1546-1547; gains of Maurice 
of Saxony ; alliance of Maurice of Saxony with the French ; 
his attack on the emperor, 1552; French conquest of the 
three Bishoprics; the Peace of Augsburg, 1555; its de- 
fects. 
e. Charles Y's abdication, 1556, and death, 1558; the division 
of the Hapsburg heritage (.see Putzger, 20). 

* Reading on one of the above topics. 

Ii^f^'r(n(■e■9. 

Sources. — Augsburn Confes.<<ion (Luth. Pub. Soc). Crozer Leatfeis, 
I, no. 5, The Peace of Augsburg. Penn. licprints, III, no. 3, Charles' 
abdication speech. 

Modern Works. — Armstrong, The Emperor Charles V : I, chs. i, iv, 
vii-xiii, II, chs. vi-x. Robertson, Hiittorij of the Eei'jn of the Emperor 
Charles V: I, 427-451; II, 74-122; III, 168-206. Ranke, Wslory of 
the Ueformiition in Germany, Bk. IV, ch. iv; Bk. Y, ch. iv. Cambridge 
Modern Ilistortj, TI, ch. viii. Henderson, Short History of Germany, 
I, chs. xiv, XV. Hjiusser, lieformation, chs. viii, ix, xiv-xvii. Fisher, 
Beformation, 156-169. Walker, lieformation, 188-216. Guizot, Concise 
History of France (ed. Masson), 248-264. Guizot, Popidar History of 
France, ch. xxviii. Duruy, History of Modern Times, chs. viii-x. 
Kitchin, History of Franc", II, Bk. II, ch. v. Lavisse et Rambaud, 
IV, ch. X. 

§11. Recitation. Review of «§§ 7-10, *Seebohm, 212-231, 
" General Results," and " Economic Results of the 
Era." *Map showing for 1559: 

(1) Lands of the Spanish and also of the Austrian Hapsburgs. 

(2) The boundary of the Empire. 

(3) Bavaria, Brandenburg, Saxony, Prussia. 

* Putzger, 10, 20. 

Ch. III. The Reformation outside of Germany in the 
16TII Century. 

§ 12. Zwingli (1484-1531) and the Reformation in 
Switzerland. 

a. The political and social condition of Switzerland at the 
opening of the 16th century: 
government of the Confederation; forest and city cantons; 
foreign relations; traffic in mercenaries; social conditions. 



b. Zwingli's preparation for his work: 

ancestry and environment; education; humanist; priest; 
chaplain in the Italian wars; retirement to Einsiedeln; 
call to Zurich. 

c. The Reformation in Switzerland: 

Zwingli's methods and influence as people's priest in 
Ziirich; gradual progress of the Reformation in Ziirich, 
1519-1525; spread of the Zwinglian Reformation in Swit- 
zerland; the Marburg Conference with Luther, 1529; 
comparison of Luther and Zwingli. 

d. Religious war in Switzerland: 

causes of the war between the Protestant and Catholic 
(Forest) cantons; Zwingli's policy; mistakes of Ziirich 
and the Protestant cantons; i-enewal of the war; battle of 
Cappel and death of Zwingli, 1531; Peace of Cappel; 
character of Zwingli and of the Zwinglian or Swiss 
reformation. 

*Seebohm, 156-162, and * reading on Zwingli or Switzerland. 

References. 

Sources. — Jackson, Selections from the Writings of Zwingli. Jack- 
son, Zwingli, appendix. 

MoDERX WouKS. — Fisher, Beformntlon, 136-156. Hausser, Refor- 
mat ion, ch. X. Ranke, Reformation in Germany, III, cli. iii. Walker, 
Reformation, ch. iv. Jackson, Zwingli, introductory ch. on Switzer- 
land by Vincent, or ch. xvi. Vincent, "Switzerland at the Begin- 
ning of the Sixteenth Century," Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies, Ser. 
XXII, No. 5. Simpson, Zwingli. Freeman, Growth of the English 
Constitution, ch. i (first half). Jacobs, Luther, Bk. Ill, clu vii (Mar- 
burg Conference). Kostlin, Luther, 372-401. Schaff, History of the 
Christian Church, VII, chs. i-ii, or iii. Diindliker, Switzerland, 116- 
145. Janssen, History of the German People, V, 127-165. Cambridge 
Modern History, II, ch. x. Lavisse et Rambaud, IV, ch. xi. 

§13. John Calvin (1509-1564) and the Genevan Reformation. 

rt. Calvin's life to 1536: 

ancestry and environment; comparison with Luther and 
Zwingli; character; threefold education; the Institutes 
of the Christi((n Religion; his fundamental ideas. 

b. Geneva before Calvin: 

threefold government of prince-bishop, vidomne (Savoy, 
1290-1525), and commune; withdrawal of Duke of Savoy, 



10 

1525, and of bishop, 1534; introduction of Reformation; 
influence of Bern; government and temper of Geneva at 
Calvin's arrival, 1536. 

c. Geneva and Calvin after 1536: 

Calvin's programme and the attempt to found a Puritan 
State (creed, catechism, discipline of morals, an organic 
church, the " Word of God" as a constitution, university 
education, the unflinching temper); exile of Farel and 
Calvin, 1538; domestic and foreign troubles and recall of 
Calvin, 1541; Consistory and system of discipline and 
excommunication; prosecution of heresy; struggles and 
triumph of Calvin; institutions established by him; 
change in the temper of Geneva; limitations of Calvinism. 

d. The spread of Calvinism and the Genevan Reformation: 

Geneva a Protestant centre; the personal influence of 
Calvin and his successor Beza; how the ideas of Calvin 
and Geneva spread into France, Germany, Holland, 
England, Scotland, and New England; the contribution 
of Calvin and Geneva to religious and political progress. 

*Seebohm, 195-198, and * reading on at least one of the above 
topics. 

References. 

Sources.— Calvin, Insiitntes of the Chrb4Uin Beli'jion, Bk. I, ch. xvi. 
Providence; Bk. II, ch. viii, §§ 28-34, Sunday; Bk. Ill, ch. x. Pres- 
ent Life; Bk. IV, ch. x, Conscience; Bk. lY, ch. xx, Civil Govern- 
ment. Extracts, in Hart, Ameriran History told by Coutenqioraries, 
I, .324-330. Penn. Bepriids, III, no. 3. 

Modern Works.— Ranke, Ilisiory o/" Fnnirc, I, ch. viii. Walker, 
Beformation, 232-276. Hiiusser, Eeformtdion, ch. xviii. Fisher, Eef- 
orimdlon, ch. vii. Schaff, History ejf the Chr'tsthoi Church, YII, 489- 
523. Uem-j, Life of Cahln. Buird, Eise of the Huguenots, 1,193-216. 
Baird, Beza. Foster, American Historical Eeview, VIII, 217-240 (Jan., 
1903), "Geneva before Calvin." Lavisse et Rambaud, IV, 506-526. 
Choisy, La Theocratie a Geneve au Teni}>s de Calvin, ch. vii. Karap- 
schulte, Johann Calvin, seine Kirche und sein Staat in Genf. Cornelius, 
Historische Arbeiten, Bk. IV. Cambrid>je Mi>dern History, II, ch. xi. 

§ 14. Recitation on * §§ 12, 13, and * reading on at least 
one additional topic under S§ 12 or 13. * Putzger, 
18, Switzerland, upper right hand corner. 



11 

§ 15. The Reformation in England and the Scandinavian 
countries. (Recitation.) 

a. Henry VIII's marriage with Catharine of Aragou ; his foreign 
' polic5\ 

h. The rise and fall of Wolsey. 

c. The divorce case of Catharine of Aragon. 

d. The Act of Supremacy, 1534, and the peculiar character of 

the English Reformation. 

e. The character and death of Sir Thomas More. 

/. Thomas Cromwell and the dissolution of the monasteries. 

g. Henry VIII's character. 

h. The revolt of Denmark and Sweden from Rome. 

*Seebohm, 167-19.5. Optional reading on any one of tlie above 
topics. 

References. 

Sources. — Penn. Reprints, I, no. 1. contemporary descrijitions of 
Henry VIII and More, Henry VIII's letters to Wolsey and Anne 
Boleyn, and the Act of Supremacy. More. Ulopia. Roper, L{fe of 
More. 

MoDEKN Works. — Green, Short History of the English People, ch. vi, 
sects. 5 and 6; ch, vii, sect. 1. Gardiner, Studenfs History qf England. 
Creightou, Wolsey. Hiiusser, Rrformation. chs, xi-xiii. Lavisse et 
Rambaud, IV, ch. xv. Cambridge Modern History, II, xiii. 

Ch. IV. The Counter Reformatiox and the Beginning of the 
Religious Wars. 

§ 16. The Reform within the Roman Catholic Church; 
the Jesuits and the Council of Trent. 

a. Recognition by Catholics of need of reform: 

movement for reform and attempts at reconciliation with 
Protestants; the Conference at Regensburg (Katisbon), 
1.541; reasons for its failure. 

b. The Jesuits, 1540-1773; 1814 : 

the early life, training and character of Ignatius Loyola; 
foundation of the Society of Jesus, 1540; its objects and 
methods; the services of Jesuits as educators, mission- 
aries, explorers, and statesmen; political and moral 
objections brought against the Jesuits; national exclu- 
sions; papal supension of the order, 1773; comparison of 
Jesuits and Calviuists. 



12 

c. The Council of Trent, 1545-15G3: 

parties; triumph of the Jesuits; reaction in dogma; 
reforms in discipline; effect on the Roman Catholic 
Church; spread of the Counter Reformation. 

'/. The Inquisition and the Index. 

*Seebohm, 109-211. 

* Besant, Collgni/, chs. i-iii; ch. iv is optional. 

Eeference-'i. 

Sources. —Pe»i). RepriuU, II, no. 6, Council of Trent; same in 
Reformation volume. ISarpi, lUsiory of tlic Council of Trent, 

Modern Works.— Fisher, B(f<>rmation, 390-420. Hilusser, Refor- 
mation, chs. xix, XX. Johnson, Europe in the 16th Centnry, 261-271. 
Ranke, Hixtory of the Popes, I, 135-178. Walker, Beformation, ch. ix. 
Henderson, Short Ilistonj of German;/, 411-421. Symonds, Short His- 
tory of the Renaissfoice, ch. xiv; longer account in his History (f the 
Benoissunre in Italy, The Cathnlic Reartion, ch. iii or iv. Lavisse et 
Rambaud, Y, ch. i. Ward, The Counter Refioination. Milman, Savon- 
arola anil Other Essays. Hughes, Loyola. Alzog, Church History, 
III, ch. iv. Parkman, Jesuits in North America, chs, ii, xxviii. Cam- 
hrhVje Modern History, II, ch. xviii. Perkins, France uialer Louis 
XF, II, ch. xvii, " Expulsion of the Jesuits." 

§17. Philip II of Spain and Elizabeth of England as 
leaders of opposing forces. 

((. Philip II, 1.55G-15U8: 

character; territories; life task; war against the Turks 
(Lepanto, 1571); the Inquisition and the extermination of 
heresy in .Spain; the expulsion of the Moriscoes and its 
economic and intellectual effects; Philip the champion 
of the Roman Catholic Reaction. 

b. Elizabeth, 1558-10O3: 

conditions in England at her accession; the Protestant- 
ism and Prayer Book of Edward YI; Catholicism and 
persecution under Mary Tudor; the exiles and their 
return; Elizabeth's character and religious ideas; Acts 
of Uniformity and Supremacy; the beginnings of Puri- 
tanism; Presbyteriauism in Scotland; Mary Queen of 
Scots; plots against Elizabeth; Elizabeth the champion 
of Protestantism; Elizabeth's ministers and government; 
the power of the Crown and of Parliament; tiie problem 
for her successors. 



13 

c. The struggle between Philip II and Elizabeth: 

Philip's marriage with Mary Tudor; his support of the 
Catholic enemies of Elizabeth ; Elizabeth and the Dutch 
revolt; the rivalry on the sea; the Sea Rovers; the 
Armada, 15SS; death of Philii) II, 159S; decline of Spain 
and triumph of English Protestantism and sea power. 

* Reading on the Jesuits, or anj'' other topic in the Counter Reform- 
ation, § 16. 
Reading on Philip or Elizabeth (* required under § 18). 

Eeferences. 

Sources. — Harrison, Elizabethan Enyland. Prothero, Select Stat- 
utes and Other Conxlitii.tiorial Documents, 1-20 (Acts of Supremacy 
and Uniformity). Hart, American History Told by Contemporaries, 
I, nos. 30, 31 (Drake's voyage around the world). Higginson, Ameri- 
can Explorers. 

Modern Works. — Green, Short History of the English People, ch. 
vii. Gardiner, History of England from the Accession of James I to the 
Outbreak of the Civil War, I, 9-43. Beesly, Elizabeth. Creighton, 
Elizabeth. Froude, English Seamen in the Sixteenth Century, Lect. 4. 
Corbett, Drake and the Tudor Navy, I, ch. viii; II, ch. ii. Lang, His- 
tory of Scotland, II, ch. xi'i. Fvescott, Philip II, Bk. II. ch. iii; Bk, 
Y, ch. X. Hume, Philip II. Hume, Spain, its Greatness and Decay, 
ch, V. Lea, The Moriscoes of Spain. Motley, History of the United 
Netherl<(nds, II, ch. xix. Blok, History of the People of the Nether- 
lands, III, ch. vi. Cambridge Modern History, II, xv; III, ix, xv. 
Lea, " Ethical Values in History," American Historical Review, IX., 
233-246 (Jan., 1904). 

18. Recitation on *§§ 16, 17, and * reading on § 17. 
*Putzger, 20. 

§ 19. The Revolt of the Netherlands, 1568-1648. 

a. Political, social, and economic conditions in the Nether- 

lands at the accession of Philip II, 1.556; differences be- 
tween the northern and the southern provinces; compari- 
son of antagonists, — Philip and the Dutch. 

b. Causes and beginnings of the conflict: 

edicts against heretics; Spanish garrison; administra- 
tion by foreigners; reorganization of the church under 
the crown; introduction of the Spanish Inquisition and 
the decrees of the Council of Trent; expressions of 
grievances; insurrection of the lower classes; Catholic 
and Protestant pai'ties; arrival of the Duke of Alva and 



14 



Spanish soldiers; the " Couucil of Bh:)od"; taxes; the 
threefold cause of the revolt. 

c. Tlie revolt to the death of William the Silent: 

failure of William and Louis of Nassau, 156S; the Sea 
Beggars and the capture of Brillc, l.">7'2; St. Bartholomew 
and its result; sieges of Haarlem and Leyden, 1573-1574; 
sack of Antwerp; pacification of Ghent, 157C; Union of 
Utrecht and formation of Dutch Republic, 1579; declara- 
tion of independence; assassination of William the 
Silent, 1584; his character and work. 

d. Later history of the revolt: 

work of Maurice of Nassau; Queen Elizabeth and Leices- 
ter; the Armada, 15SS; the Twelve Tears" Truce, 1609; 
renewal of the war, 1621; recognition of independence, 
1648; reasons for Dutch success; direct and indirect 
results of the " Eighty Years" War of Liberation." 

*Besant, Col'Kjny, chs. v, vi; ch. vii is optional. Optional reading 
on the Netherlands (* required uuder § 20). 

Beferences. 

SoTjRCES. — "The Dutch Declaration of Independence, 1581," in 
Ol'l South Leaflets, no. 72. 

MoDERX WoiiKs. — Motley, Rise <;l' th( Dutrh licjixhllr, Part III, ch. i, 
Council of Blood: ch, iv, taxes; ch. vi, Sea Beggars and capture of 
Brille; ch. viii, siege of Haarlem; Part IV, ch. ii, siege of Leyden; 
Part VI, ch. vii (last ch. in book), assassination and character of Wil- 
liam. Motley, Historii of the Uiiiift JS'etherlaiuIs. Blok, History 
of the People of the Nelherhinds, Vol. III. Hilusser, Refonnotinii, chs. 
xxii-xxiv. .Johnson, Ettrape in the ICth C'lituri/, ch. viii. Fisher, 
Reformatio)!, ch. ix. Rogers, Storn tf llollomj. Putnam, William 
the Silent. Cdnihri'l'je Modern Ilisfirrif, III, chs. vi, vii, xix. 

§ 20. Recitation on *S 19, and * reading on at least one 
topic (or one of the chs. in Motley indicated above). 
*Putzger, 20, 21. 

§ 21. The Religious Wars in Trance, 1562-1598. (Recitation.) 

a. The beginnings of the Reformation in France: 

Lefevre; Margaret of Angouleme; attitude of Francis I 
and the government; introduction of Calvinism. 

b. The religious situation under Francis II, 1559-1560: 

the three parties; the leaders and their motives: con- 
spiracy of Amboise. 



15 

c. The religious wars under Charles IX (1560-1574): 

terms of the edict of January, 1562; massacre of Vassy; 
retaliation of Huguenots; death of Francis of Guise; 
Peace of Amboise, 1563, and end of the first civil war; 
renewal of the war; Peace of St. Germain, 1570; the 
Protestant House of N'avarre; plots of Catherine de' 
Medici and Philip II of Spain; counter plans of Coligny 
and William the Silent; Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 
1572; continuation of the civil wars until the Edict of 
Xantes, 159S. 

a. The life of a Huguenot in the 16th century. Gaspard de 
Coligny, 1517-1572: 

home, early training, and friends; military reforms and 
service in the wars of France against Charles V and 
Philip II; conversion; end of the war with Spain; his 
leadersliip in the religious wars; his murder; his char- 
acter and influence; comparison with his contemporaries. 

*Besant, CoUfjny, chs. viii-xi; * review chs. i-iii, v, vi, 

Beferences. 

Adams, Growth of the French Nation, 163-179. Johnson, Euroj^e in 
the 16th Century, ch. ix. Fisher, Beformation, 256-284. Guizot, 
Concise History of France, ch. viii. Robinson, Margaret of Angouleme. 
Baird, Bise of the Huguenots of France, I, ch. ii; II, ch. xviii (first 
half). Willert, Henry of Navarre. Vloetz, Epitome of History, S19-d2i. 
Cambridge Modern History, II, ch. ix; III, ch. i. Hiiusser, Beforma- 
tion, chs. xxvi-xxix. Kitchin, History of France, II, 317-362. La- 
visse et Eamband, IV, 473-506, 526-535; V, ch. iii. 

§ 22. Hour Examination on §§1-21 {* lectures, map work, read- 
ing, notes, recitations, and all of Seebohm and Coligny). 

Ch. V. Fp.ance and the Thirty Yeaks' Wak. 
§ 23. France under Henry IV and Marie de' Medici. 

(I. Characteristics of the 17th century. 

b. France under Henry IV, 1589-1610: 

the House of Bourbon; Henry of Navarre,— his early 
career, leadership of the Huguenots, fight for the crown 
(Ivry), and acceptance of Catholicism; Edict of Nantes 
and Treaty of Vervins, 1598; condition of France at the 
close of the religious wars; internal policy of Henry IV 



16 



and Sully, — absolutism, administrative reforms, economic 
advancement; colonial policy (Port Royal, 1604, Quebec, 
160S) ; foreign policy and the " Great Design '' ; assassina- 
tion of Henry; his character and its attractiveness then 
and now. 
c. France under Marie de' Medici : 

the regency and the favorites; States-General, 1614; 
opposition of nobles and Huguenots; condition of France 
and political situation in Europe, 1624. 

* Wakeman, The Ascemlunc)/ of France, 1-7; 14-38. Optional 
reading on Henry of Navarre. 

Beferences. 

Source. — Sully, Memoirs, Bk. xii, xiii (export of gold and silver); 
xvi (manufactures); xxi, :sxv, xxvi (taxation). 

MoDEUN Works. — For France and Henry IV: Ranke, IliMory 
of France, Bks. VI, VII. Hiinsser, Reformation, ch. xxix. Guizot, 
Concise Ilistorij of France, ch. ix, Guizot, Popular History of France, 
chs. xxxv, xxxvi. Kitchin, History of Frann-, II, Bk. IV, chs. i, ii. 
Motley, History of the United Netherlaiats, 1, 42-52; III, ch. xxiii; 
III, 239-246, conversion. Willert, Henry <f Navarre. Baird, TJie 
Hnynenots tnaJ Henry <f Navarre, II. CamhriiJ(j<' Mo'lern History, 
III, ch. XX. Lavisse et Kambaud, V, 282-323. 

§ 24. France under Richelieu and Mazarin, 1624-1661. 
(Recitation.) 

a. Richelieu's early life; his character; four fundamental aims 

of his policy for France. 

b. Richelieu's internal policy: 

revolt of the Huguenots; siege of La Rochelle, 1627-8; 
terms of surrender and treatment of the Huguenots; 
crushing of the nobles; relations between Richelieu and 
Louis XIII; the "Day of Dupes," 1630; centralization 
of power and administration in the hands of the crown; 
the intendunts; defects of Richelieu's policy; immediate 
and later results of his policy to France. 

c. Richelieu's foreign jjolicy: 

opposition to the Hapsburgs and interference in Italy and 
Germany; a defensible frontier. 

d. France after the deaths of Richelieu and Louis XIII (1643): 

Mazarin's antecedents and aims; the government during 
the minority of Louis XIV, 1643-1661 ; the two Frondes 



17 

of Parliament and of the nobles; " playing at civil war " ; 
Mazarin's foreign ijolicy. 

*Wakeman, 132-164. 

Eefi'rences'. 

Modern Works. — Lodge, Bicheliex, especially cli. viii (" Domestic 
Government") and 221-229 (character and inflvience). Perkins, 
Etchelieu. Perkins, France under Richelieu and Mazarin. Kitchin, 
History of France, III, Bk. IV, chs. iv-viii. Lavisse et Rambaud, Y, 
ch. viii. Gaizot, Concise History, ch. x. Guizot, Popular History, V, 
chs. xxxviii-xliii. Baird, The Huyuenots and the Bevocation of the 
Edict of Mantes, 1, chs. v-viii. 

§ 25. The Thirty Years' War to the Peace of Prag, 1635. 

a. Germany and the causes of the Thirty Tears' War: 

condition of Germany at the openins of the 17th century; 
spread of the Counter Eeformation; difficulties over the 
Peace of Augsburg, — Calvinists, secularized lands. Eccle- 
siastical Reservation; the situation in Bohemia; the 
throwing from the window in Prag, 1618. 

h. The Bohemian and Palatinate period, 161S-1623: 

character of the Bohemian revolution; election of Fer- 
dinand II as Emperor; his character and aims; election 
of Frederick V as King of Bohemia; his allies and ene- 
mies; battle of White Mountain, 1620; the fate of Bohe- 
mia and of the " Winter King" ; Mansfeld's retreat from 
Upper to Lower Palatinate; title and territory gained .by 
Maximilian of Bavaria, 1623. 

c. The Danish period, 1625-1629: 

interests of England, Sweden and Denmark in the Thirty 
Years' War; Protestant forces and plan of campaign in 
Lower Saxony; the Emperor's critical position in 1626; 
rise of Wallenstein; his military policy ; his success; his 
political schemes; siege of Stralsund, 1628; Peace of Lii- 
beck, 1629; the Edict of Restitution, 1629; Wallenstein' s 
enemies and his dismissal, 1630. 

d. The Swedish period, 1630-1635: 

* separation of Sweden from Norway and Denmark in 

1523; the Reformation in Sweden; development of royal 
power under the Yasa family ; Gustavus Adolphus as 
champion of Protestantism; his character; I'easons for 
landing in Germany; his failure to relieve Magdeburg, 
1631; battle of Breitenfeld, 1631, and Gustavus" advance 



18 

into Southern Germany; the situation in 1B31-1632; reap- 
pearance of Wallenstein; battle of Liitzen, 1632; impe- 
rialist successes; Wallenstein' s intrigues and assassina- 
tion, 1634; his character; the Petvce of Prag, 1635. 

*Wakeman, 7-11; 39-66. 

References. 
Henderson, Short Ilislory of Germaiuj, I, chs. xvii, xviii. Gardiner, 
Thirttj Years' War. Gindely, History of the Thirty Years' War 
(trans. Ten Brook), I, chs. i, vi; II, eh. iv. Stevens, Gustavus 
Adolphus. Fletcher, Gustatiis Adolphus. Dodge, Gustavus Adolphus. 
Trench, Gustarus Adolphus. Tuttle. m.-itory of Prussia, I, 110-139. 
Gardiner, History of Enghmd from the Accession of James I to the 
Outbreak cf the Civil War, III, xxix; IV, xxxvii; Y, 1. Hiiusser, 
Reformation, xxx, xxxviii. Schiller's Wallenstein is an interesting 
historical drama dealiug with the events of this period. 

§ 26. Recitation on *§ 25 and *"Wakeman, 66-81, 86-104. 
Reading on one topic, e. </., Gustavus or Wallenstein 
(* required under § 28). *Putzger, 22, or Wakeman, 
map, 124. 

§ 27. The Close of the Thirty Years' War. 

o. The Swedish-French period, 1635-1648. 

(1) Richelieu's interference in the Thirty Years' War: 

his desire for "natural frontiers" for France; 
his anti-Hapsburg policy; secret negotiations and 
intrigues in Germany; open interference in Ger- 
many and declaration of war against Spain, 1635, 

(2) The close of the war: 

French failures and successes; Bernhard of Saxe- 
Weimar; battle of Rocroi, 1643; last campaigns of 
the Swedes; universal longing for peace; the 
obstacles to a settlement. 
6. The Peace of Westphalia, 164S; its importance for Germany 
and Europe. 

(1) The religious settlement. 

(2) Tlie territorial changes: 

Bavaria, Palatinate, Sweden, Brandenburg, Sax- 
ony, ecclesiastical lands, France. 

(3) The changes in the Empire: 

the eighth elector; increase in the independence 
and sovereignty of the princes; changed position 



19 

of the Emperor and its causes; final separation of 
the United Netherlands and Switzerland from the 
Empire. 
(4) The permanent and international importance of the 
Peace, 
e. The Peace of the Pyrenees, 1659; the position of France in 

Europe at the death of Mazarin. 
d. Social and economic results of the war in Germany: 

depopulation; destruction of property; brutalization of 
all classes; increase of superstition and ignorance; law- 
lessness; general deterioration of morals; decay of in- 
dustry and commerce; decline of the German language 
and national spirit; imitation of France; evil effects of 
French influence. 

*Wakeman, ch. vi; *Putzger, 21^, 22. 
Eeferences. 

Bryce, Holy Roman Empire, chs. xviii, xix. Henderson, Short 
History of Germamj, I, :i^vni. Ga,vd\ner, Thirfij Ymrs' War. Trench, 
Gustavus Adolphus. Tuttle, History of Prussia, I, 139-169. Hiiusser, 
Beformation, Part XI. Erdmannsdorfeer, Deutsche Geschichte, I, Erstes 
Buch, illustrated. Gindely, II, chs. v, xi. 

§ 28. Recitation on * § 27, * reading on § 25 or § 27, and 
* map showing the territorial changes effected by 
the Peace of Westphalia (see Wakeman, 124; Putz- 
ger, 22). 

Ch. YI. The Age of Louis XIV. 

§ 29. Louis XIV and Colbert. (Recitation.) 

«. Louis XIV: 

environment, education, character, abilities, and defi- 
ciencies; his theory of kingship and the state; his posi- 
tion in France and in Europe; his ministers. 

b. Colbert (Controller-General, 1662-1683) : 

services to Mazarin; fall of Fouquet; Colbert's financial 
reforms; his financial and commercial policy; protective 
tariffs and bounties; benefits and dangers of the Mercan- 
tile System. 

c. Contrast between Louis XIV and Colbert: 

the "parting of the ways" in 1671; the colonial, naval, 
and commercial plans; Louis' mistaken choice. 

* Wakeman, ch. ix, and 



20 



* Reading on at least one of the following topics: — 

(1) Louis XIY's character and abilities. 

Perkins, France under the Regency^ ch. v. Hassall, 
Ldvis XIV, ch. iii. Martin, History of France 
{Age of Louis XIV), I, ch, i. 

(2) Court life at Versailles in the age of Louis XIV. 
Perkins, ch. v. Hassall, ch. xi. Guizot, Popular 
History of France, ch. xlix. Lavisse et Rambaud, 
VI, 178-220. Martin, I, ch. iii; II, ch. iii. 

(3) Literature under Louis XIV. 

Saintsbury, History of French Literature, Bk. Ill, 
chs. ii, V, vii. Lavisse et Rambaud, VI, 312-340. 
Martin, I, ch. iii; II, ch. iii. Guizot, Popular 
History of France, ch. xlviii, 

(4) Colbert's economic policy and the mercantile sys- 
tem. Perkins, ch. iv. Sargent, Colbert, chs. i, ii; 
or V, vi. Lavisse et Rambaud, VI, 223-242. Guizot, 
Popular History of France, ch. xlvi. Stephen, Lec- 
tures on the History of France, Lect. xxii. Adam 
Smith, Wealth of Nations, Bk. IV, ch. i. Martin, I, 
chs. i, ii. Schmoller, Historical Significance of the 
Mercantile System, 48-69. 

(5) The government of Canada under Louis XIV and 

Colbert. 
Parkman, Old Regime in Canada, chs. xv, xvi, xviii, 
xxiv. Fiske, Neio France and New England, ch. ii. 

(6) Causes and effects of the Revocation of the Edict 

of Nantes. 
Perkins, ch, vi. Baird, The Huguenots and the 
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, II, ch. xii. Lavisse 
et Rambaud, VI, 279-300. Martin, II, ch. i. Gui- 
zot, Popular History of France, ch. xlvii. 

(7) War VFith the Dutch, 1672-78. 

Perkins, ch, iii. Martin, I, chs. v, vi. Kitchin, 
History of France, III, Bk, V, ch. ii. Guizot, Popj- 
ular History of France, xliv. Lefevre-Pontalis, 
John He Witt, II. 

(8) War of the League of Augsburg and naval contest 

with England. 
Mahan, Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660- 
17S3, chs. iii, iv. Hassall, ch. x. Macaulay, History 
of England. Seeley, Expansion of England, ch. ii. 
Green, Short History of the English People, 672-688, 



21 

§ 30. The commercial supremacy of the Dutch Republic 
in the 17th century. 

«. The constitution of the Dutch Republic: 

the Confederation of 1579 (Union of Utrecht); munici- 
palities; provincial estates; Stadholder; States- General; 
Council of State; inherent weakness and dangers of the 
Confederation. 

b. The constitutional conflict: 

the two views of the constitution; the two parties, 
"Orange" and "Republican"; their aims, leaders, and 
relative strength; crises in the conflict,— trial and execu- 
tion of Barueveld, 1619, attempted coup <V etat of William 
II, 1650, murder of the De Witts, 1672; the close connec- 
tion between the domestic conflicts and the foreign rela- 
tions of the Dutch. 

c. The Dutch commercial and colonial prosperity, 1600-1650: 

fisheries; coast trade; voyages of discovery; conquests 
from the Spanish and Portuguese in the East Indies; 
Dutch East India Company, 1602; beginning of the 
rivalry with the English and Massacre of Amboyna, 1623; 
discoveries and settlements in America; the slave trade; 
jealousy of Dutch prosperity. (See Putzger, 38^.) 
(1. The Dutch commercial wars: 

the English Navigation Act, 1651, and the Dutch Wars 
with England, 1652-1667; wars with Louis XIV, 1672- 
1713; gradual decline of the Dutch after the commercial 
wars. 
*Wakeman, ch. x. 

Beferences. 

Blok, Histonj of the People of the Netherlands, III. Motley, Life and 
Death of John of Barneveld, I, ch. viii; II, chs. xviii-xxii. Sir Will- 
iam Temple, Works, I, ch. ii, " On the Government of the Nether- 
lands." Geddes, Histonj of the Administration of John De Witt. 
Lefevre-Pontalis, John De Witt. Seeley, Expansion of England, Lec- 
ture vi, " Commerce and War." Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, Bk. 
IV, chs. ii, vii. Gardiner, History of England from the Accession of 
James I to the Outbreak of the Civil War, III, 162-182, 253-260; V, 
241-245. Mahan, Influence of Sea Power vpon History, 1660-1783, 
ch. ii. 



00 



§ 31. Louis XIV and William III; the beginning of "The 
Second Hundred Years' War between England and 
France," 1689-1815. 

a. France and Louis XIV, 1643-1715: 

Power of the crown, 1661 ; Louis' government and policy; 
War of Devolution, 1667-1668; secret treaty of Dover 
with Charles II, 1670; position of France and of Louis 
in 1672. 

b. Holland and William of Orange (William III of England from 

1689): 

William's character; hostility of De Witt; Act of Exclu- 
sion, 1654; murder of the De Witts; position of William 
and of Holland in 1672. 

c. Struggle between Louis XIY and William: 

contrast between Louis and William in aims and resources; 
commercial differences between France and Holland ; war 
against Holland, 1672-1678; Treaty of Ximwegen, 1678; 
Louis' occupation of Strasburg and Lorraine; the Rev- 
ocation of the Edict of Nantes, 1685; its significance for 
Louis and France; the Revolution of 1688 in England, 
and accession of William III and Mary; War of the 
League of Augsburg, 1689-1697, and Louis' devastation 
of the Palatinate; battles of the Boyne, 1690, and La 
Hogue; English naval supremacy; Treaty of Ryswick, 
1697; organization of the Grand Alliance; death of Will- 
iam III, 1702; his character and work. 
ij. "The Second Hundred Years" War between England and 
France," 1689-1815. 

In Europe. In America. 

(1) War of League of Augsburg 1689-1697 King William's War. 

(2) War of the Spanish Succession 1702-1713 Queen Anne's War. 

(3) Warof the Austrian Succession 1740-1748 King George's War, 1744-1748. 

(4) Seven Years' War 1756-1763 French andlndian War, 1754-1763. 

(5) American War 1775-1783 American Revolution. 

(6) War against the French Revo- 

lution and Napoleon 1793-1802 

(7) War against Napoleon 18J3-1815 War of 1812 with Great Britain. 

* Reading on two more of the topics indicated for reading under § 29. 

Tiefcrenees. 

See § 29, especially (7) and (8) on wars with the Dutch and with 
Eu aland. 



2S 



§ 32. Recitation on *§§ 30, 31, and *Wakeman, ch. xi. 
*Putzger, 21'', 22, 38". 

§ 33. The Partition Treaties and the War of the Spanish 
Succession. 

a. The Spanish Empire in the 17th century: 

decline of Spain after Philip II, 1598; revolts of Portugal 
and Catalonia; Spanish losses at the Peaces of West- 
phalia, 1648, and the Pyrenees, 1659; extent of the Span- 
ish possessions under Carlos II. 

b. The question of the succession : 

Bourbon marriages with the Spanish Hapsbnrgs; Carlos 
II; approaching extinction of the Spanish line; the three 
claimants — Bavarian, Austrian, and French; the inter- 
ests of England, Holland, and France; the failure of the 
partition treaties; intrigues at the death-bed of Carlos II, 
1700; his will; its acceptance by Louis XIY; ''II n'y a 
plus de Pyrenees.''^ 

c. Outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession: 

reasons for the hostility of England and Holland; forma- 
tion of the Grand Alliance against Louis XIV; beginning 
of hostilities. 
il. The War of the Spanish Succession, 1702-17 IM: 

Prince Eugene of Savoy in Italy; Marlborough in the 
Netherlands, and on the Danube (Blenheim, 1704); Eng- 
lish capture of Gibraltar, 1704; French desire for peace;, 
the demands of the allies; dismissal of Marlborough and 
close of the war. 

* Eeadingon another topic on Louis XIY (see § 29), four topics in all 
References. 

Perkins, France under the Begency, «;h. viii. Hassall, Louis XIV, 
chs. xii-xiv. Mahan, Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-17SS, 
ch. v. Lecky, History of England in the XVIIIth Century, ch. i, La- 
visse et Rambaud, YI. chs. xiii, xx. Coxe, Memoirs of the Duke of 
Marlborough. Guizot, Popular History of France, ch. xlv, Martin, 
History of France {Age of Louis XIV), II, chs. v, vi. Kitchin, History 
of France, III, Bk. Y, chs. vi-viii. 

§ 34. The Peace of Utrecht, 1713; France under Louis XV. 

«. The Peace of Utrecht, 1713: 

secret negotiations of France and England; recognition 
of Philip Y as king of Spain; losses of Spain and France; 



24 

gains of England, Austria, and Savoy; colonial and fish- 
ery questions; establishment of a " Balance of Power"; 
the problems of the ISth century. 

b. France after the war: 

exhaustion of France; change of feeling toward Louis 
XIV; his unlaraented death, 1715; results to France of 
his policy. 

c. France under Louis XV, 1715-1774: 

regency of the Duke of Orleans; John Law and the Mis- 
sissippi Bubble; Jansenists and Jesuits; policy of Fleury: 
War of the Polish Succession; the decline of the French 
Monarchy. 

*Wakeman, eh. xv. 

Refere7ices. 

See references under § .33. Also, Perkins, France undpr Lonis XV, 
I, chs. i-iv; II, xxii. Lavisse et Rambaud, VII, ch. i. Martin, His- 
tory of France {Decline of the French Monarchy), I, cli. i. Guizot, 
Poindar History of France, cli. li. Guizot, Concise Hislory of France, 
ch. xiii. Kitchin, Bk. VI, chs. i, ii, iv. Adams, Growth of the French 
Nation, ch. xiv. Duruy, History of Modern Times, 401-409. 

For maps on the Peace of Utrecht see: Robinson, History of Western 
Europe, 50(5; Gardiner, School Atlas of English History, 41; Lane- 
Poole, Historical Atlas of Modern Europe, 86: Putzger, 25'', bottom of 
page; 23 (for 1740); and 39". 

§ 35. Recitation on * §§ 33, 34, * reading on § 33 or § 34, and 
* map-quiz on Treaty of Utrecht (see maps in refer- 
ences above). 

Ch. VII. Prussia, Russia, axd the Easterx Question in the 
17tii and ISth Centuries. 

§ 36, The struggle for the Baltic ; the rise of Prussia. 

a. The Baltic and its importance in the 17th century: 

the Northern nations and their interests in the Baltic 
(Denmark, Sweden, Prussia, and Russia). 

b. Sweden from the death of Gustavus Adolphus to the acces- 

sion of Charles XII, 1632-1697: 
results of participation in the Thirty Tears' "War; the 
Form of Government of 1634; the Swedish nobility; 
character and career of Queen Christina; Sweden's posi- 
tion in the North at the Peace of Oliva, 1660; struggle 
with Prussia for the southern shore of the Baltic, 1672- 
1679. 



25 

c. The rise of the Brandenburg-Prussian State to 1713. 

(1) The HohenzoHern family and their characteristics: 

Frederick William, the "Great Elector,"— educa- 
tion, abilities, and ambitions. 

(2) The three groups of territory at the accession of the 

Great Elector, 1640-16SS: 
Brandenburg, Prussia, Cleves; history, and con- 
dition of each in 1640; future importance of their 
geographical position; territorial gains at the 
Peace of Westphalia. 

(3) The Great Elector's foreign policy: 

causes and results of his wars with Poland (1656- 
1657), and with Louis XIV and Sweden (1672- 
1679); battle of Fehrbellin, 1675. 

(4) The Great Elector's internal policy: 

absolutism and centralization; how he overcame 
opposition in each of his three territories; the 
excise; the standing army; encouragement of 
agriculture and industry; reception of the French 
Huguenots. 

(5) Frederick I (1688-1713) and the Grand Alliance; 

"King in Prussia," 1701. 
*Wakeraan, eh. viii; * Motley, Peter the Great (first 20 pages). 
*Putzger, maps 22, 25, 31. 

Jieferences. 

Longman, Frederick the Great and the Seven Years' War, 3-15. 
Geijer, m>itory of the Swedes, chs. xviii, xix. Bain, Christina, Queen 
of Sweden. Henderson, Short History of Germany, II, chs. i, u. 
Tuttle, History of Prussia, I, chs. v-vii. Carlyle, Frederick the Great, 
I, Bk. Ill, chs. xviii, xix. Lavisse et Rarabaud, V, chs. xvii, xviu. 
Erdmannsdorffer, Deutsche Geschichte, I. 

§ 37. The formation of the Russian Empire; Peter the 

Great. 

o. Russia from the Norse to the Tartar conquest, 862-1240: 

geography of Russia; the Slavs,— their characteristics 
and settlements; conquest of "Russia" by Rurik, 862; 
influence of Constantinople; the Tartar conquest and the 
domination of the Golden Horde, 1240-1480; Tartar influ- 
ence on Russian character and development. 



26 



h. The renuion of the Russias under the Princes of Moscow, 
1303-159S: 
origin and gradual growth of the power of the Muscovite 
princes; Moscow a national and religious centre; Ivan 
the Great (1462-1505), — overthrow of the Tartar yoke, 
marriage, reunion of Russian lands; Ivan the Terrible as 
" Czar of all the Russias.'' 

c. The Russian Empire in the I7th century: 

its oriental character; the government and society, — 
Czar, Boiars, Streltsi, serfs, the Church and its peculiar- 
ities; religious dissent; election and accession of Michael 
Romanof, 1613. 

'/. The expansion and Europeanization of Prussia under Peter 
the Great, 16S9-1725: 
struggle for the throne; travels and ambitious; struggle 
with Charles XII for a Russian outlet on the Baltic; bat- 
tles of Narva, 1700, and Poltava, 1709; fate of Cliarles 
XII; Peter's acquisition and loss of Azov; character of 
Russian expansion ; reforms of Peter the Great, — his 
Western friends, the new capital. Senate, Holy Synod, 
social changes; good and evil results of Peter's policy; 
his character. 

* Motley, Peter the Gn-dt (finish the essay). 

Bcferencv^. 

Rambaud, Popular Hiatory of Bussia, I, chs. xiii, xv; TI, chs. i-iii. 
Morfill, Sforij nf Pus.sin. Bain, The First Romanovs. Bain, Charles 
XII. Voltaire, Charles XII. Schuyler, Peter the Great, I, II. Lavisse 
et Rambaud, YI, xix. 

§ 38. Recitation on * §§ 36, 37, * Wakeman, ch. xiii, and 
* Motley. *Putzgei', 25, 36. 

§ 39. The Eastern Question in the 17th and 18th centuries. 

a. The rise of the Ottoman Empire: 

Othmau (d. 1326); the Ottoman Turks; Ottoman con- 
quests in Asia Minor and Europe; policy toward con- 
quered Christian populations; Janizaries; battle of 
Nicopolis, 1396; Mohammed II and the capture of Con- 
stantinople, 1453; Suleiman the Magnificent, — battle of 
Mohacs, siege of Vienna (1529), and victories in Egypt 
and the Mediterranean; general effects of Turkish con- 
quests; battle of Lepanto, 1571; causes of Turkish decline 



27 

in the early 17th century; the Ottoman government; 
Turkish revival in the second half of the I7th century 
under the Kiuprili Grand Viziers: wars with Poland; 
siege of Vienna, 1683; John Sobieski, King of Poland; 
the Peace of Carlowitz, 1699. 

h. The Kingdom of Poland : 

formation of the Polish Kingdom in the Middle Ages; 
Polish political and social institutions, — elective mon- 
archy (1572-1795), Diet and Uherinn veto, nobility, army, 
serfdom, religion; wars with Sweden, with the Cossacks, 
and with the Ottoman Turks in the 17th century. 

c. The Eastern Question in the ISth century and the Partitions 
of Poland : 
Russia's progress toward the Black Sea under Peter the 
Great (Azov, 1696-1711); Catharine II, 1762-1796; charac- 
ter and foreign policy; war with the Turks; the Peace 
of Kutschuk-Kainardji (1774) and its relation to the East- 
ern Question in the 19th century; Catharine's policy in 
Poland; First Partition of Poland, 1772; final Partitions 
of Poland, 1793-1795; the political morality of the 18th 
century. 

*Wakeman, ch, xii; *Putzger, 25, 38. 

Beferences. 

Cambridge Modern History, I, iii; III, iii, iv. Creasy, History of 
the Ottoman Turks. Freeman, The Ottoman Power in Europe. Lane- 
Poole, Turkey, ch. xii. Odysseus, Turkey in Europe. Henderson, 
Short History of Germany, II, 204-213. Rambaud, Popular History of 
Russia, II, ch. ix. Sorel, The Eastern Question in the ISth Century. 
Carlyle, Frederick the Great, Bk. XXI, chs. iii, iv. Perkins, France 
under Louis XV, II, ch. xxi; same in American Historical Peviciu, 
II, 76-92. Lavisse et Rambaud, V, xx; VI, xvi, xviii; VII, ix. 

§ 40. Recitation on * § 39 and * reading on § 37 or § 39. 
* Putzger, 25, 38. 

Ch. VIII. The Struggle for European and Colonial Suprem- 
acy IN THE 18th Century. 

§ 41. Frederick the Great and the War of the Austrian 
Succession. 

a. Beginning of the rivalry between Prussia and Austria, 1713- 
1740: 
Charles VI and the Pragmatic Sanction; Frederick Wil- 



28 



liam I of Prussia, — army, policy, character; the youth of 
Frederick the Great. 

b. War of the Austrian Succession, 1740-1748: 

attitude of the guarantors of tlie Pragmatic Sanction; 
Frederick the Great (1740-1786); 'his invasion of Silesia; 
battle of Molhvitz, 1741; French alliance with Frederick; 
Belleisle's capture of Prag; election of Charles VII as 
Emperor; Maria Theresa's appeal to the Hungarians; 
Peace of Breslau and end of the First Silesian War; 
Maria Theresa's recapture of Prag and occupation of Ba- 
varia; Second Silesian War, 1744-1745, — battle of Hoheu- 
friedberg; the results of the war. 

c. Frederick in time of peace: 

recuperation of Prussia; Frederick's poetical and his- 
torical works; music and opera; Frederick at Sans Souci ; 
Voltaire's visit. 
(/. The Diplomatic Revolution, 174S-1756: 

Maria Theresa's aims and reforms; Kaunitz's policy; 
instability of France since Fleury's death; Elizabeth of 
Paissia and her hatred of Frederick; secret alliance of 
Elizabeth and Maria Theresa, 174(3; Frederick's danger- 
ous position in 1753; outbreak of war between Finance 
and England in the colonies and on the sea; Convention 
of Westminster, 1756, between Prussia and England; 
Treaties of Versailles (1756, 1757) between Austria and 
France; importance of the Diplomatic Revolution. 

* Either Longman, Frederick the Great and the Seren Years'' War, 
1-40; or*Macaulay, Fredrrirk the Great, to 1748(9-41 of Maynard, 
Merrill edition). 

F'lr rifmnces s'c % 43. 

§ 42. Frederick the Great and the Seven Years' War. 

rt. The Seven Years' War, or Third Silesian War, 1756-1763: 

Frederick's occupation of Saxony; the campaign of 1757, 
— Rossbach, Leuthen; Zorndorf, 1758; death of the 
Emjiress Elizabeth and the accession of Catharine II in 
Russia; England's desertion of Frederick; end of the 
Seven Years' War, 1763. 

b. Frederick's later years, 1763-1786: 

his peace policy; alliance with Catharine II; First Par- 
tition of Poland, 1772; opposition to ambition of Joseph 
II of Austria; revival of German Literature in Fred- 
erick's time; Frederick's character and death, 1786; 
Frederick a national German hero. 



29 

c. The Enlightened Despots of the iSth century: 

Frederick II, Catharine II, and Joseph II as types of 
enlightened despots; their place in history; relations with 
philosophers and men of letters; treatment of serfdom; 
legal and judicial reforms; encouragement of industry 
and commerce; education, learning, and freedom of the 
press; religious scepticism and auti-Roman Catholic 
measures; services of the enlightened despots. 

* Either Longman, Frederick the Great and the Seven Years' llV/r, 
40-G5; 75-04; or *Macaulay, Frederick the Great, to 1756 (41-74 of 
Maynard, Merrill edition). 

References. 

Carlyle, Frederick the Great, Bk. VII, chs. v-vii; Bk. XII, ch. 
x; Bk. XV, chs. ix, x; Bk. XVIII, ch. viii; Bk. XXI, ch. ix. Long- 
man, Frederick the Great and the Seven Years' War, chs. i-xi. Tuttle, 
History of Prussia, I, ch. x; II, viii; III, v. Henderson, Short History 
of Germany, II, chs. iii-v. Lavisse, The Youth of Frederick the Great. 
Bright, Maria Theresa, chs. i, ii. Bright, Joseph II, chs. iii. vi. 
Ranke, History of Prussia, Bk. II, ch. viii; Bk. V, ch. v; Bk. IX, 
ch. viii. Lecky, History of England in the ISth Century, ch. vii. 
Sorel, The Eastern Question in the ISth Century. Perkins, France 
under Louis XV, I, ch. v; II, xii. Hassall, The Balance of Poiver, 
1715-1789, ch. viii. Francke, Social Forces in German Literature, 
265-300. Koser, Friedrich der Grosse. Lavisse et Ranibaud, VII, xix. 

§ 43. Recitation on *5j§ 41, 42; n)id dthcr * Longman, 106- 
135, 227-232, -r * Macaulay to end of essay. 
* Outline map, showing territories of France and 
Prussia in 1786 and indicating gains of each since 
1713. (.SVcPutzger, 25", 26%24.) 

§ 44. The Expansion of England. 

a. The relation between commerce, colonies, and sea-power; 

connection between the continental and colonial wars of 
the 18th century; the "Second Hundred Years' War 
between England and France " ; English colonial policy 
compared with that of Holland, Spain, and France. 

b. The struggle for India: 

races and religions in India; the English East India 
Company, 1600; early settlements and policy of the 
Company; French settlements at Pondicherri, 1674; 
Dupleix and his policy; the Sepoys; struggle of the 



30 

French to secure the Madras coast, 1746-1763; the Peace 
of Paris and restoration of Pondicherri, 1763; why 
Fi'ance lost control of the Madras coast; the "Black 
Hole" of Calcutta; Clive and the battle of Plassey, 1757; 
change in the character and policy of the English East 
India Company; Warren Hastings. 

c. The struggle for Nortli America: 

character and motives of the English settlers; conflicts 
of the English with the Dutch on the Hudson, with the 
Spanish in Florida, with the French on the north to 1713; 
English acquisitions at the treaty of Utrecht; the "Sec- 
ond Hundred Years' War between England and France" 
{see § 31, d); Peace of Paris and expulsion of the French 
from North America, 1763; the American Revolution; 
alliance of France with the Americans; England's loss 
of her thirteen colonies, 17S3. 

(?. English expansion in the West Indies, Australia, and the 
Pacific islands. 

* Reading from one of the following references. 
Beferences. 

Seeley, E.r}i<infion <>/ EtigUaul, ch. iv, or vi, or vii; or Course II, chs. 
iii, vi. Robinson, WeKteni Europe, ch. xxxiii. Mahan, Influence oj 
Sea Poioer upon Ili'^tory, ch. viii. Perkins, France under Louis XF, 
I, chs. ix, x. Malleson, History of the Fretich in India. Macaulay, 
Essays on. Clii-e, II((stings, Chatham. Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe, 
I, ch. i; II, ch. xxvii. Parkman, Conspiracy of Ponfiac, chs. ii, iii. 
Fiske, Critical Period, ch. i. Channing, United States of America, ch. 
iii. Lecky (ed. Woodburn), Americaji Bevolution, 1-61 (or in ch. xi of 
Lecky, History of England in the 18th Century). Green, Short History 
of the English Peopde, ch. x, section ii. Longman, Frederick the Great 
and the Seven Years'' War, chs. xii, xiii, xv^ Traill, Social England, 
Y, 180-207. Egerton, Short History of British Colonial Policy, 114- 
169. Lavisse et Rambaud, YII, ch. vi. Trevelyan, American Bevolu- 
tion, ch. ii. Duruy, History <f Modern Times, ch. xxvi. 

For maps see Lane-Poole, Historical Atl((s of Modern Europe, maps 
85-8S; Gardiner, School Atlas of English Hi.sl'n-y, maps 47, 48, 50. 

§ 45. The Eve of the French Revolution. 

a. The privileged classes of the Ancien Begime ; the origin of 
privilege. 

(1) King: decline of royal authority and prestige dur- 
ing the reign of Louis XY, 1715-1774; dangers of 



31 

au absolute monarchy; secret du roi : lettres de 
cachet. 

(2) Clergy: parish priests; bishops and abbots; obbcs : 

the don gratint; the adversaries -of the church; 
its decline. 

(3) Nobles: banalites, hunting, market, and other op- 

pressive privileges; their life at Paris; salons. 

b. The non-privileged classes and the economic causes of the 

French Kevolution: 
the Third Estate; boun/eois and roturier ; feudal bur- 
dens and why they were so disliked at the end of the 
ISth century; financial burdens,— -fa/?ie, j/rt^e^e, farmers- 
general; internal customs duties and checks on trade 
and industry; the caJders; the French peasant of 1789 
compared with the French peasant of 1715 and with the 
peasant of other countries in 1789; why he took part in 
the Revolution, 

c. Growth of a revolutionary spirit before 1789 : 

influence of the philosophers,— Voltaire, Montesquieu 
and his L' Esprit des Lois, Rousseau and the Contrat 
Social; the Encyclopajdia; the American Revolution. 

d. Louis XVI (1774-1793) and the end of the Ancien Regime : 

character of the King; attempts at reforms by Turgot, 
Necker, and Calonne; the fall of the Bastille, Uth July, 
1789; abolition of feudal rights and privileges; the Decla- 
ration of the Rights of Man. 

* Reading on one topic. 

References. 

Sources.— Penn. Reprints, V, no. 2: VI, no. 1. Montesquieu, The 
Spirit of Laws. Rousseau, The Social Contract. Arthur Young, Travels 
in France in 17S7-17S9. Stephens, Life and Writings of Turgot. 

Modern Works.— Robinson, History of Western Europe, ch. xxxiv. 
Lowell, Eve of the French Revolution. Mathews, The French Revolu- 
tion, chs. i-vii. Taine, The Ancient Regime, chs. i, ii. De Tocque- 
ville, The Ancien Regime, (ed. Reeves). Cambridge Modern History, 
VIII, ch. i. Carlyle, French Revolution, Bk. I. Perkins, France under 
Louis XV, II, chs. xxiii, xxiv. Martin, History of France (Decline of 
the French Monarchy), II, chs. v, viii. Mignet, French Revolution. 
Morley, Voltaire. Morley, Rousseau. Say, Turgot. Lavisse et Ram- 
baud, VII, chs. xii, xiii. 

§ 46. Recitation on * §§ 44, 45 and an * additional reading 
on § 45. *Putzger, 39\ 



»!!!Biiii 



